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Contusion of thorax
Contusion of thorax (ICD-11 NA80.6) is a blunt-force bruise of the chest wall soft tissues without bony injury, often with delayed bruise marks and pain on breathing; it may signal deeper injuries such as pulmonary contusion or rib fractures.
Contusion of toe
Contusion of toe: a bruising injury of a toe from direct trauma such as stubbing, without fracture. Also called a bruised toe; distinguished from fracture by axial loading test, treated with rest, ice, and painkillers.
Conularia
Conularia (Sowerby 1821) is an extinct Ordovician–Permian conulariid cnidarian genus, type of Conulariidae, with a four-sided phosphatic pyramidal skeleton; a sessile, blind suspension feeder.
Conulariida
Conulariida: extinct order of marine medusozoan cnidarians (Ediacaran to Late Triassic) with four-sided phosphatic pyramidal skeletons, about 40 genera, Ordovician diversity peak, decline driven by falling origination rates.
Conulus
Conulus is an extinct genus of Cretaceous irregular echinoids (sea urchins), type species C. albogalerus Leske, 1778, family Conulidae; conical tests, Santonian index fossil in the Chalk, distinct from gastropod species named conulus.
Conure
Conure: common avicultural name for small-to-medium Neotropical parrots across several genera (Aratinga, Pyrrhura, Psittacara), from obsolete genus Conurus (1820). 40+ species, 50–350 g, 20–30-year captive lifespan, popular pets; some species endangered by pet trade.
Conus geographus
Conus geographus, the geography cone (Gastridium), is an Indo-West Pacific fish-hunting cone snail, the deadliest to humans: about 57% of recorded cone snail envenomations and almost all 36 fatalities from 1670 to 2017 are attributed to it.
Conus medullaris
Conus medullaris: the cone-shaped tapered end of the spinal cord, terminating around L1 (range T12-L3) in adults. Key facts: embryonic ascent, tethered cord thresholds, lumbar puncture safety, conus medullaris syndrome.
CONUT score
The CONUT score (CONtrolling NUTritional status) is a screening tool rating malnutrition risk from three routine blood tests: albumin, lymphocyte count, and cholesterol, scored 0 to 12.
Convalescent Hospitals
Convalescent hospitals are facilities providing care after an acute illness until health is restored; in the US the term now means skilled nursing facilities, historically Scottish homes and WWII Army hospitals, today compared with IRFs for rehabilitation.
Convalescent plasma therapy
Convalescent plasma therapy is a transfusion treatment giving plasma from recovered donors to patients with the same infection, transferring antibodies that provide passive immunity to aid recovery.
Conveglipron (卡维列隆)
Conveglipron (卡维列隆, HDM1002) is Huadong Medicine's oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor full agonist for weight management and type 2 diabetes; its Chinese phase 3 trial showed 12.2% weight loss at 52 weeks with 400 mg once daily.
Conventional angiography
Conventional angiography is the X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast agent through a catheter, allowing diagnosis and treatment such as angioplasty in one sitting.
Conventional dendritic cell
Conventional dendritic cell (cDC), also classical or myeloid DC: CD11c-high, MHCII-positive antigen-presenting cell in two subsets, cDC1 (CD141/CLEC9A, cross-presentation, IRF8/BATF3) and cDC2 (CD1c, IRF4), distinct from pDCs and monocyte-derived DCs.
Conventional laparoscopy
Conventional laparoscopy is a multiport minimally invasive surgical technique using a rigid camera and instruments through small incisions, largely replacing open surgery since the early 1990s.
Conventional radiography
Conventional radiography is an imaging method that passes X-rays through a patient onto film or a digital detector, producing two-dimensional images used to diagnose disease.
Convergence insufficiency
Convergence insufficiency (CI), a common binocular vision disorder in which the eyes fail to converge at near, causing eye strain, blurred or double vision, and headaches; treated most effectively with office-based vergence/accommodative vision therapy.
Convergence-retraction nystagmus
Convergence-retraction nystagmus (CRN, 輻輳後退眼振, ICD-11 9C84.52) is a nystagmus-like ocular oscillation of rapid convergent and globe-retracting movements on attempted upgaze, caused by dorsal midbrain lesions and characteristic of Parinaud syndrome.
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution, also called homoplasy or analogy, is the independent evolution of similar traits in unrelated lineages, seen in wings of birds, bats, and insects, camera eyes, and carcinization.
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder, or functional neurological symptom disorder (FND), causes neurological symptoms like weakness, tremor, and seizures without structural disease; diagnosed by positive signs such as the Hoover sign, historically called hysteria.
Conversion surgery
Conversion surgery is an oncology strategy in which initially unresectable cancer, mainly colorectal liver metastases, pancreatic, gastric, or liver cancer, becomes removable after systemic therapy and undergoes curative resection.
Conversion therapy
Conversion therapy, also called reparative therapy or SOCE/GICE, attempts to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity. It lacks efficacy, is linked to depression and suicide risk, and is banned in Malta, Germany, France, and other states.
Conversion to Open Surgery
Conversion to open surgery: abandoning a laparoscopic or robotic procedure for an open operation. Rates range from about 6% to 23% by procedure; risk factors include adhesions, obesity, and prior surgery.
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae, the morning-glory or bindweed family, is a family of about 1,700 to 2,000 twining flowering plants, sister to the nightshade family and including the sweet potato.
Convolvulus
Convolvulus (bindweeds) is a genus of about 228 accepted species of twining or erect herbs in Convolvulaceae, published by Linnaeus in 1753, native to temperate and subtropical regions, with Calystegia nested within it and field bindweed (C. arvensis) its best-known weed.
Convolvulus arvensis
Convolvulus arvensis, field bindweed or wild morning glory, is a perennial Convolvulaceae vine weed with roots to 30 feet, 1-inch root fragments that regrow, seeds viable for decades, and documented 2,4-D resistance.
Convulsion
Convulsion: sudden, violent involuntary muscle contractions causing rapid rhythmic shaking, also called a fit or attack; seen in tonic-clonic epileptic seizures, childhood fever, syncope, and drug or alcohol abuse.
Convulsive status epilepticus
Convulsive status epilepticus (CSE, ICD-11 8A66.0) is generalized tonic-clonic seizure activity lasting 5 minutes or more or recurring without recovery, a neurological emergency treated first with benzodiazepines, with mortality up to 30% in adults.
Convulsive therapy
Convulsive therapy is a class of psychiatric treatments that deliberately induce a seizure to relieve severe depression, mania, or catatonia, with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) the dominant form.
Conway Reef
Conway Reef (Ceva-i-Ra) is a small uninhabited Fijian atoll-type coral reef with a 1.8 m sand cay, about 450 km southwest of Fiji; discovered 1838 by HMS Conway, surveyed 1855 by HMS Herald, a seabird nesting site and DXCC entity OC-112.