72,234 articles
Copidognathus
Copidognathus (Trouessart, 1888) is the most species-rich genus of marine mites in the family Halacaridae, with about 380 valid species, synonym Copidognathopsis, found on coralline algae, seagrass, and mussels worldwide.
Copidosoma
Copidosoma (Ratzeburg, 1844) is a genus of encyrtid chalcid wasps parasitizing moth caterpillars, famous for polyembryony: one egg clones into up to thousands of larvae, including a sterile soldier caste; C. koehleri controls potato tuber moth.
Copidosoma floridanum
Copidosoma floridanum, an encyrtid egg-larval parasitoid wasp of Plusiinae moths such as Trichoplusia ni, famous for polyembryony: one egg yields over 2,000 clones split into reproductive and soldier castes determined by germ-cell inheritance.
COPII
COPII (coat protein complex II): conserved five-protein coat (Sar1, Sec23/24, Sec13/31) mediating anterograde ER-to-ERGIC/Golgi vesicle transport; ~70 nm vesicles, Sec24 cargo selection, TANGO1 large-cargo export, and coatopathies from SEC23A/B, SEC24D, SAR1B mutations.
Copper complex: 8 hydroxyquinolin with salicylic acid
Copper complex: 8-hydroxyquinolin with salicylic acid (EU ID 570) is a copper coordination compound listed as a pesticide active substance, not approved in the EU under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, with no CAS number and copper-based residue definitions.
Copper compounds
Copper compounds: copper salts such as copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, hydroxide, oxychloride, and oxide used in agriculture as fungicides, bactericides, fertilizers, and molluscicides; first recorded 1761, Bordeaux mixture 1885, EU-approved for organic farming.
Copper Cu-64 SAR-bisPSMA
Copper Cu 64 SAR-bisPSMA (64Cu-SAR-bisPSMA) is a bivalent PSMA-targeting PET radiotracer with a sarcophagine chelator and 12.7-hour Cu-64 half-life, developed by Clarity Pharmaceuticals for prostate cancer imaging and paired with Cu-67 for therapy.
Copper deficiency
Copper deficiency (hypocupremia): too little of the trace mineral copper, causing anemia, neutropenia, and B12-like myeloneuropathy. Main causes are malabsorption (bariatric surgery, celiac disease), excess zinc, and Menkes disease; treated with 3–8 mg/day oral copper.
Copper deficiency anaemia
Copper deficiency anaemia (anaemia due to copper deficiency, ICD-11 3A03.3, ICD-10 E61.0) is a conditioned form of iron deficiency anaemia caused by impaired iron utilization, with anemia, neutropenia, and bone or neurologic features.
Copper IUD
Copper IUD (Cu-IUD, copper intrauterine device): hormone-free T-shaped uterine contraceptive releasing copper ions toxic to sperm; over 99% effective, lasts 10–12 years, and is the most effective emergency contraception within 5 days of unprotected sex.
Copper oxide
Copper oxide: copper(I) oxide (Cu2O, CAS 1317-39-1) used as a fungicide and biocide; EU candidate for substitution with 28 kg Cu/ha per 7 years limit; CuO approved for wood preservation biocides.
Copper peptide GHK-Cu
Copper peptide GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-1), the copper(II) complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, an endogenous human peptide isolated by Pickart in 1973, studied for tissue repair and skin regeneration, with strong preclinical but sparse human clinical evidence.
Copper toxicity
Copper toxicity: harm from excess copper, an essential metal. Covers homeostasis, Wilson disease (ATP7B), acute and chronic exposure, drinking-water limits (WHO 2 mg/L, EPA 1.3 mg/L), and chelation treatment.
Copper(II) hydroxide
Copper hydroxide (copper(II) hydroxide, CAS 20427-59-2) is a slightly soluble fixed copper used as a broad-spectrum fungicide, bactericide, and biocidal active substance, the most common fixed copper in agricultural sprays, EU-approved with use limits.
Coppicing
Coppicing: traditional European woodland management cutting broadleaf trees to stools for repeated regrowth on 3–30 year rotations; Neolithic origins, 10–14% of EU forests, now reintroduced for biodiversity.
Copra
Copra: dried coconut kernel, the raw material for coconut oil and copra meal; dried from 50% to about 6% moisture, about 70% oil; distinct from fresh-process virgin coconut oil.
Coprinopsis atramentaria
Coprinopsis atramentaria, the common inkcap (formerly Coprinus atramentarius), is a grey, cluster-forming inky cap mushroom of Psathyrellaceae that grows over buried wood and causes flushing, dizziness, and headaches if eaten with alcohol.
Coprinus comatus
Coprinus comatus (shaggy mane, lawyer's wig) is an edible Agaricaceae mushroom whose gills autolyze into black ink. Cultivated in Asia; studied for hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antiandrogenic activities.
Coproheme decarboxylase
Coproheme decarboxylase (ChdC, formerly HemQ) is a bacterial enzyme that converts coproheme to heme b in the final step of heme biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria.
Coprolalia
Coprolalia: involuntary utterance of obscene or socially inappropriate words, mainly a complex vocal tic of Tourette syndrome; affects about 10-15% of patients, not required for diagnosis, also seen after stroke, encephalitis, or in frontotemporal dementia.
Coprophagia
Coprophagia (coprophagy) is the eating of feces, in autocoprophagy, allocoprophagy, and heterospecific forms. Normal in rabbits and rodents for nutrient recovery, documented in over 150 vertebrate species, and common in dogs (23-44% owner-reported).
Coprophilia
Coprophilia: sexual arousal from viewing, smelling, or handling feces; a DSM-5 other specified paraphilic disorder, distinct from coprophagia, first categorized by Austrian psychiatrists in the 1870s.
Coprosma
Coprosma (mirror plant, karamū) is a genus of about 120 dioecious, wind-pollinated Rubiaceae shrubs centered in New Zealand, spread across the Pacific by birds, with fleshy orange to purple-black drupes.
COPS5
COPS5 (CSN5, JAB1) is a human chromosome 8q13.1 gene encoding the catalytic JAMM-metalloprotease subunit of the COP9 signalosome, the major cullin deneddylase, and a c-Jun/AP-1 coactivator linked to cancer prognosis.
Copsychus
Copsychus, the magpie-robins and shamas (shama, from Bengali/Hindi), is a Wagler 1827 genus of Muscicapidae songbirds from Asia to Madagascar and the Philippines; molecular work shows it paraphyletic, and cagebird trade has driven several island shama taxa extinct in the wild.
Coptis
Coptis (goldthread, huanglian 黄连) is a Ranunculaceae genus of about 15–18 species disjunctly distributed in East Asia and North America; its alkaloid-rich rhizome (Rhizoma Coptidis) yields berberine and coptisine for traditional Chinese medicine.
Coptis chinensis
Coptis chinensis (黄连, huanglian, Chinese goldthread), a Ranunculaceae herb whose dried rhizome (Coptidis rhizoma) is used in Chinese medicine; main source of berberine, with studied lipid, IBS, and diabetes evidence.
Coptodon zillii
Coptodon zillii, redbelly tilapia, formerly Tilapia zillii, is a cichlid fish native to northern Africa and the Middle East, widely introduced on every continent, tolerant of 6.5–42.5 °C and salinity to 45 ppt, and ranked among the world's most invasive freshwater fishes.
Copulation (zoology)
Copulation is the direct physical sexual encounter between a male and female in zoology; it applies to both separate-sex animals and hermaphrodites, serving as the behavioral counterpart to internal fertilization.
Copy number variation detection
Copy number variation detection is a set of bioinformatics methods that identify gains and losses of genomic DNA segments, typically from read-depth signals in sequencing data.