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Coronavirus
Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses (Coronaviridae, Nidovirales) with crown-like spikes; seven infect humans, from common-cold strains 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1 to SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus membrane protein
The coronavirus membrane protein, also called the matrix protein, is the most abundant of the four coronavirus structural proteins and organizes assembly of new viral particles.
Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein
Coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein, also N protein of SARS-CoV-2: 43-46 kDa structural phosphoprotein with NTD and CTD RNA-binding domains that packages the ~30 kb viral genome into a helical RNP, assembles virions with M protein, and antagonizes host interferon responses.
Coronavirus packaging signal
Coronavirus packaging signal: cis-acting RNA element (PS) in the ~30 kb coronavirus genome that the N and M proteins recognize to selectively package genomic RNA over subgenomic RNAs; mapped near ORF1b/nsp15 in MHV, at the 5′ end in TGEV, and in nsp12-nsp13 in SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus protein 7
Coronavirus protein 7 (ns7/7a, Pfam Corona_7 PF02398) is a small signal-peptide and transmembrane protein of alphacoronavirus gene 7 in TGEV, PRCoV, FCoV, and CCoV; non-essential for replication, it modulates interferon responses and virulence, distinct from SARS-CoV ORF7a/7b and replicase nsp7.
Coronavirus structural proteins
Coronavirus structural proteins are the four proteins that build the coronavirus particle: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid, which package the RNA genome and assemble at the ERGIC.
CoronavRheum trial
CoronavRheum (NCT04754698) is a phase 4 trial at University of São Paulo testing CoronaVac in autoimmune rheumatic disease patients and people with HIV; lower but acceptable immunogenicity, no severe adverse events.
Coronectomy
Coronectomy is a dental procedure that removes the crown of an impacted lower wisdom tooth while leaving its roots in place to protect a nearby nerve.
Coronella
Coronella, smooth snakes, a colubrid snake genus erected by Laurenti in 1768 with three species: C. austriaca and C. girondica in the western Palaearctic and the Indian C. brachyura, now moved to Wallophis.
Coronilla
Coronilla (crownvetch) is a genus of about 24 accepted Fabaceae herbs and subshrubs native from Europe and the Mediterranean to Turkmenistan and N. Somalia, with jointed loment pods; C. varia is used for erosion control but is toxic and invasive.
Coronin
Coronin: conserved WD40-repeat eukaryotic protein family, first found in Dictyostelium in 1991, absent from plants; 12 subfamilies, seven mammalian coronins regulating actin, cAMP signaling and immunity.
Corpectomy
A corpectomy is a spine operation that removes one or more vertebral bodies to decompress the spinal cord, then reconstructs the segment with a graft or cage.
Corpus callosotomy
Corpus callosotomy, or split-brain surgery, is palliative neurosurgery dividing the corpus callosum for drug-resistant epilepsy, chiefly atonic drop attacks; first done by van Wagenen in 1940, with open, endoscopic, and laser variants.
Corpus callosum
Corpus callosum: the brain's largest white matter commissure, about 190 million axons linking the hemispheres, unique to placental mammals; key biomarker in MS, aging, and agenesis (1:4000 births).
Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome
Corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome, also called Proud syndrome, is a rare X-linked recessive ARX-gene disorder combining agenesis of the corpus callosum, severe intellectual disability, seizures, spasticity, and abnormal genitalia, mainly affecting males.
Corpus callosum agenesis-neuronopathy syndrome
Corpus callosum agenesis-neuronopathy syndrome, or Andermann syndrome (HMSN/ACC, ACCPN), is a rare autosomal recessive SLC12A6/KCC3 disorder with progressive sensorimotor neuropathy, callosal dysgenesis, and a Quebec founder population.
Corpus cavernosum penis
Corpus cavernosum penis: one of two paired dorsal erectile cylinders of the penis, sinusoidal vascular tissue with helicine arteries and tunica albuginea that traps blood during erection; affected by ED, Peyronie's, priapism, fracture.
Corpus luteum
Corpus luteum (yellow body), temporary ovarian endocrine gland formed from the ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation; secretes progesterone and estradiol, peaks about 6 days post-ovulation, rescued by hCG in pregnancy, otherwise involutes into the corpus albicans.
Corpus luteum cyst
Corpus luteum cyst (corpus luteal cyst): a functional ovarian cyst formed when the post-ovulation corpus luteum fills with fluid or blood instead of regressing; usually 1–3 cm, resolves spontaneously, hemorrhagic rupture is the main complication.
Corrado Baglioni
Corrado Baglioni is a molecular biologist at the University at Albany, SUNY, known for showing that the trinucleotide 2-5A, made in interferon-treated cells, activates a nuclease that degrades mRNA.
Corrado Tommasi-Crudeli
Corrado Tommasi-Crudeli (1834–1900) was an Italian physician and hygienist, founder of the Institute of Experimental Hygiene in Rome, who with Edwin Klebs claimed to have isolated the malaria bacillus.
Correa
Correa, Australian genus of 11 Rutaceae shrub species (native fuchsia), named for Portuguese botanist Correa da Serra; tubular nectar-rich flowers, frequent hybrids, popular garden plants.
Correction of Hearing Impairment
Correction of Hearing Impairment (MeSH D012048, aural rehabilitation) covers procedures for correcting hearing disorders: hearing aids, cochlear implants, and aural rehabilitation, with entry terms including Audiologic Rehabilitation and Aural Habilitation.
Corrective Orthodontics
Corrective orthodontics (MeSH D009971) is the phase of orthodontics correcting established malocclusion with appliances, distinct from interceptive and preventive orthodontics; covers history, appliances, evidence, and risks.
Correlative light and electron microscopy
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) images the same specimen by fluorescence microscopy and then electron microscopy, so a labeled molecule's identity can be read against its fine structure.
Corrin
Corrin is a ring-contracted tetrapyrrole macrocycle, the core of vitamin B12, which binds cobalt through four nitrogen atoms and differs from porphyrin in lacking a methene bridge.
Corrinoid adenosyltransferase EutT
Corrinoid adenosyltransferase EutT, the eutT-encoded ATP:Co(I)rrinoid adenosyltransferase of the eut operon, makes adenosylcobalamin for ethanolamine ammonia-lyase; Class I SeEutT is a ferrous-metal dimer, Class II LmEutT a metal-free tetramer.
Corrosion casting
Corrosion casting is an anatomical preparation method in which resin is injected into vessels or ducts and tissue is corroded away, leaving a rigid replica.
Cortaderia
Cortaderia, pampas grass genus (C. selloana, C. jubata), a South American Danthonioideae tussock grass genus with plumose inflorescences, gynodioecious and apomictic reproduction, and invasive ornamental species.
Cortaderia selloana
Cortaderia selloana, pampas grass (plumero de la Pampa), a South American perennial tussock grass grown for its plumes; invasive in California, New Zealand, South Africa, and Spain, allergenic pollen, gynodioecious, wind-dispersed seeds.