Life and health

Cranberry

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon, American or large cranberry) is a North American bog-grown Ericaceae fruit crop first cultivated around 1810 in Massachusetts, used in sauces and supplements, and shown to modestly reduce recurrent UTI risk in women.

Cranchiidae

Cranchiidae, the glass squids, are a family of 13 genera and 60+ species of transparent pelagic oceanic squid, from about 100 mm to over 2,000 mm mantle length, buoyed by ammonium chloride in a coelomic chamber and including the colossal squid.

Crane (bird)

Cranes are large, long-legged, long-necked birds of the family Gruidae, with 15 species across Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America, and 10 are threatened with extinction.

Crane flies of Europe

The crane flies of Europe are the Tipuloidea fly species recorded from the continent and its islands: 1,267 described species in four families, with new species still being described.

Crane fly

Crane fly, also called mosquito hawk or daddy longlegs, is a long-legged true fly of the dipteran superfamily Tipuloidea, with 15,726 described species in four families, harmless to humans, whose larvae live in aquatic and soil habitats.

Crane fly anatomy and life history

Crane fly anatomy and life history describes the superfamily Tipuloidea, whose adults have a V-shaped mesonotal suture and whose larvae, leatherjackets, live in soil and water.

Crane-Heise syndrome

Crane-Heise syndrome (OMIM 218090) is a very rare, lethal autosomal recessive disorder first described in 1981, with about nine reported cases, marked by poorly mineralized skull, absent clavicles, vertebral agenesis, cleft palate, and intrauterine growth retardation.

Cranfillia

Cranfillia is a genus of Blechnaceae ferns established by Gasper & Dittrich in Phytotaxa 275 (2016), type species Cranfillia fluviatilis, segregating former Blechnum species in New Zealand, Brazil, and New Caledonia.

Cranfillia fluviatilis

Cranfillia fluviatilis, also Blechnum fluviatile, creek fern or kiwakiwa, is a dimorphic streamside fern of Blechnaceae native to New Zealand, Australia, and Malesia, not threatened, with diploid and tetraploid populations.

Crangon crangon

Crangon crangon, the brown or common shrimp (formerly Crangon vulgaris), is a small caridean shrimp of northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean sandy-muddy bottoms, up to 8.5 cm, supporting the North Sea's major beam-trawl shrimp fishery.

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a neuromodulation treatment delivering weak electrical current through electrodes on the eyelids, earlobes, or temples to treat anxiety, depression, and insomnia.

Cranial irradiation

Cranial irradiation is radiotherapy delivered to the brain or skull, used to treat brain tumors and metastases and, as prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), to prevent central nervous system relapse.

Cranial meningocele

Cranial meningocele (cranial hydromeningocele, congenital cerebral meningocele) is a rare congenital defect in which meninges and CSF herniate through a skull defect without brain tissue, distinguishing it from encephalocele; treated surgically with excellent prognosis.

Cranial nerves

Cranial nerves: twelve paired nerves (I–XII, plus controversial cranial nerve zero) emerging from the brain and brainstem, innervating head and neck structures, with nuclei organized in sensory and motor columns in the brainstem.

Craniectomy

A craniectomy is a neurosurgical operation removing part of the skull to relieve pressure on a swollen brain, most often after traumatic brain injury or malignant stroke.

Cranio-cervical dystonia with laryngeal and upper-limb involvement

Cranio-cervical dystonia with laryngeal and upper-limb involvement, or DYT24, is a rare genetic dystonia combining cervical, laryngeal, and facial symptoms with tremor, caused by ANO3 variants.

Cranio-osteoarthropathy

Cranio-osteoarthropathy, also known as Currarino disease, is an exceptionally rare autosomal recessive form of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy marked by delayed closure of cranial sutures and clubbed digits.

Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia

Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (Lionitis, ORPHA:1513) is an ultra-rare sclerosing bone dysplasia with massive skull and facial hyperostosis, SOST or SP7 genetic forms, childhood onset, and cranial nerve compression causing blindness, deafness, and early death.

Craniodigital-intellectual disability syndrome

Craniodigital-intellectual disability syndrome (ORPHA:1514, OMIM 312860) is an extremely rare genetic malformation syndrome with finger and toe syndactyly, a startled facial appearance, and intellectual disability, onset neonatal, fewer than 1 per million.

Oct 20, 2026

Cranioectodermal dysplasia

Cranioectodermal dysplasia, also called Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy caused by IFT-A gene variants (IFT43, IFT52, IFT122, IFT140, WDR19, WDR35), causing skeletal, ectodermal, kidney, liver, and retinal disease.

Oct 20, 2026

Craniofacial hyperhidrosis

Craniofacial hyperhidrosis (ICD-11 EE00.02) is excessive sweating of the scalp, face, and neck, a focal form of primary hyperhidrosis affecting about 9.4% of hyperhidrosis patients; treated with topical glycopyrrolate, oral oxybutynin, botulinum toxin, or T2 sympathectomy.

Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome

Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome (CDHS, Sommer-Young-Wee-Frye syndrome, OMIM 122880) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant PAX3 disorder with flat facies, hypertelorism, profound congenital sensorineural deafness, and ulnar deviation with hand contractures.

Craniofrontonasal dysplasia

Craniofrontonasal dysplasia (CFNS, craniofrontonasal syndrome, OMIM 304110) is a rare X-linked dominant EFNB1 disorder causing coronal craniosynostosis, hypertelorism and bifid nose, paradoxically more severe in females than males.

Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia

Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia, also called Boyadjiev-Jabs syndrome or CLSD, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by SEC23A gene mutations, featuring late-closing fontanels, widely spaced eyes, and early cataracts.

Craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type

Craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type (CRMDD, OMIM 269300, ORPHA:85184) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive craniotubular bone dysplasia, under 10 reported patients, with macrocephaly, multiple wormian bones, wide tubular bones, and fracture risk.

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD, CMDD, ORPHA:1522) is a very rare genetic bone disease with progressive craniofacial hyperostosis and widened long-bone metaphyses; caused by ANKH (dominant) or GJA1 (recessive) mutations, onset in childhood.

Craniomicromelic syndrome

Craniomicromelic syndrome is a rare, lethal form of syndromic craniosynostosis featuring prenatal growth failure, a poorly mineralized skull, and shortened limbs with absent phalanges, first described in 1995.

Craniopagus parasiticus

Craniopagus parasiticus, or épicome, is an extremely rare conjoined-twinning type in which an underdeveloped parasitic twin head attaches to a developed twin's cranium; about ten documented cases, first separated successfully in Egypt in 2005.

Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngioma, a rare benign sellar/suprasellar brain tumor from Rathke's pouch remnants; two distinct WHO 2021 entities, adamantinomatous (CTNNB1, children) and papillary (BRAF V600E, adults), treated by surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted drugs.