Life and health

Cridanimod

Cridanimod (Cycloferon, Neovir) is an acridone small-molecule immunomodulator, ATC L03AX18, that induces interferon alpha/beta and progesterone receptor expression; investigated in phase 2 endometrial cancer trials, no FDA approval.

Crigler–Najjar syndrome

Crigler–Najjar syndrome (Arias syndrome for type 2) is a rare autosomal recessive UGT1A1 disorder causing unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, kernicterus risk, lifelong phototherapy, and liver transplantation as the only cure.

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHFV orthonairovirus, is a tick-borne hemorrhagic fever spread by Hyalomma ticks and livestock contact, with 10–40% case fatality, no approved vaccine or specific treatment.

Crimidine

Crimidine (Castrix, CAS 535-89-7), a chlorinated pyrimidine rodenticide introduced by I.G. Farben in the 1940s; a vitamin B6 antagonist causing fatal convulsions, now obsolete, banned in the EU and unregistered in the US.

Crimson rosella

Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans), an Australian parrot with crimson, yellow, and orange colour forms; 32-36 cm, tree-hollow nester, native to eastern Australia, introduced to Norfolk Island and New Zealand, IUCN Least Concern.

Crinoid

Crinoid (Crinoidea), marine echinoderm called sea lilies (stalked) or feather stars (stalkless); mid Cambrian origin, calcite skeleton, filter-feeding arms, strong arm regeneration, about 731 living species.

Crinoid shrimp

Crinoid shrimp are small commensal pontoniine caridean shrimps living on feather stars and sea lilies, chiefly in the Indo-West Pacific; 25 species known, in genera such as Laomenes, often host-colored.

Crinum

Crinum (Cape lily, giant lily) is a pantropical genus of about 65–130 bulbous Amaryllidaceae species with umbels of lily-like flowers, alkaloid-rich bulbs used in traditional medicine, and the ornamental hybrid Crinum × amabile.

Crioceratites

Crioceratites (Léveillé, 1837) is a heteromorphic Early Cretaceous ammonite genus, type of the Crioceratitidae, with loose criocone coiling; its Hauterivian species index ammonite biozones in Tethyan Europe and South America.

Cripps Pink

Cripps Pink, sold as Pink Lady® when it meets brand standards, is a 1973 Australian apple cultivar by John Cripps from Golden Delicious × Lady Williams: firm, high-acid, late-season, trademarked in 80+ countries.

Oct 20, 2026

CRIPTO

CRIPTO (Cripto-1, TDGF1, CR-1) is a GPI-anchored EGF-CFC family signaling protein, obligatory co-receptor for Nodal/GDF1/GDF3, essential for gastrulation, and an oncofetal tumor promoter and therapeutic target.

Sep 21, 2026

Cris Kuhlemeier

Cris Kuhlemeier (born 1955) is a Dutch plant developmental biologist and professor at the University of Bern since 1988, known for the auxin mechanism of phyllotaxis and Petunia pollinator adaptation.

Crisaborole

Crisaborole (Eucrisa), a boron-containing topical PDE-4 inhibitor ointment 2%, FDA-approved 2016 for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis, ages 3 months and older since 2020; modest efficacy, application-site burning common.

Crisantaspase

Crisantaspase (Erwinia asparaginase; recombinant JZP-458, Rylaze/Enrylaze) is an L-asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi used in ALL/LBL after hypersensitivity or silent inactivation to E. coli asparaginase.

Sep 21, 2026

Crisanto Gutiérrez

Crisanto Gutiérrez is a Spanish molecular biologist at CSIC in Madrid who studies DNA replication and chromatin in plants; he won the Santiago Ramón y Cajal Prize in 2026.

Crisis hotline

A crisis hotline, also called a crisis line, is a phone, text, or chat service offering confidential emotional support to people in acute distress, including suicide risk.

Crisis intervention

Crisis intervention is a short-term psychological method providing immediate support, assessment, and stabilization during acute mental health crises, restoring coping before referral to longer-term care.

Crisponi syndrome

Crisponi syndrome, the infantile form of cold-induced sweating syndrome (CISS, Sohar-Crisponi syndrome), is a rare autosomal recessive CRLF1/CLCF1 disorder with neonatal tetanus-like contractions, hyperthermia, camptodactyly, and later cold-induced sweating.

CRISPR

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a gene-editing technology adapted from a bacterial immune system, using Cas9 and guide RNA; Doudna and Charpentier won the 2020 Nobel Prize, and the first approved CRISPR therapy treats sickle cell disease.

CRISPR activation

CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a gene regulation method that increases expression of endogenous genes without cutting DNA, using dCas9 fused to activator domains; it was first demonstrated in 2013.

CRISPR gene editing

CRISPR gene editing: a guide RNA plus Cas9 nuclease system adapted from bacterial immunity, developed by Doudna and Charpentier (2020 Nobel Prize), enabling targeted DNA edits and the first approved CRISPR therapy, Casgevy, for sickle cell disease.

CRISPR interference

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a gene repression technique in which a dead Cas9 protein blocks transcription without cutting DNA, introduced by Lei Qi and colleagues in 2013.

CRISPR RNA

CRISPR RNA (crRNA) is the target-complementary guide RNA of CRISPR-Cas systems, processed from pre-crRNA with tracrRNA and RNase III in type II systems, fused into sgRNA for Cas9, and used standalone in Cas12a and Cas13 editing and diagnostics.

CRISPR screen

A CRISPR screen is a functional genomics method that perturbs genes with CRISPR to identify those affecting a phenotype, introduced in pooled form in 2013.

CRISPR screening

CRISPR screening (CRISPR-Cas9 screening) is a functional genomics method that perturbs thousands of genes in pooled cells, ranking genes that confer drug sensitivity or resistance.

CRISPR-associated exonuclease Csa1

Csa1 (CRISPR-associated exonuclease Csa1, PF06023) is an archaeal Cas4-family exonuclease of subtype I-A CRISPR-Cas systems, adjacent to cas4, essential for de novo spacer acquisition in Sulfolobus islandicus, and part of the Cascis complex with Cas4 and Cas1/2 in Thermoproteus tenax.

CRISPR-associated protein Cas4

Cas4 (CRISPR-associated protein 4, COG1468, PF01930) is a RecB-family nuclease in the CRISPR-Cas adaptation module; with Cas1-Cas2 it selects PAM-compatible spacers via an iron-sulfur cluster, in type I, II-B, and V systems.

CRISPR-associated protein Cas6/Cmx6

Cas6/Cmx6, a CRISPR-associated RAMP endoribonuclease with two ferredoxin-like RRM domains, metal-independently cleaves pre-crRNA repeats in type I and III systems, making mature guide RNAs; binds 50 pM-10 nM, turns over 0.5-3 min-1.