72,234 articles
Crenolanib
Crenolanib (CP-868,596-26, crenolanib besylate) is an oral second-generation type I FLT3 and PDGFR inhibitor for FLT3-mutated AML, active against ITD and TKD mutations, not FDA-approved, with phase 3 trials versus midostaurin and in salvage therapy.
Crepidotaceae
Crepidotaceae, oysterling family, a family of dark-spored saprotrophic agaric fungi (Agaricales) centered on Crepidotus and Simocybe; molecular work showed Singer's broad circumscription was polyphyletic and redefined the family.
Crepidula
Crepidula, known as slipper snails or slipper limpets, is a genus of marine gastropod snails named for their shoe-like shells, with at least 53 recognized species.
Crepidula fornicata
Crepidula fornicata, the Atlantic slipper limpet, a calyptraeid gastropod native to eastern North America, introduced to Europe in the 1870s with oyster imports; a protandrous hermaphrodite forming stacks, now an invasive filter feeder on North Sea coasts.
Crepis
Crepis (hawksbeards) is a genus of about 200 Asteraceae herbs of the Northern Hemisphere and tropical African mountains, type species C. biennis, shown by molecular data to be polyphyletic as circumscribed by Babcock's 1947 monograph.
Crepitus
Crepitus: medical term for popping, cracking, grinding joint sounds or sensations, from gas cavitation, tendon snapping, or cartilage wear; also bony grating in fractures and subcutaneous crackling; common, usually benign without pain.
Crepuscular animal
Crepuscular animal: species most active at dawn and dusk twilight, unlike diurnal or nocturnal animals; includes deer, moths, mosquitoes; about 2.5% of mammals, dominant in Arctic regions.
Crescentia cujete
Crescentia cujete, the calabash tree (calabazo, totumo, cuieira), is a bat-pollinated Bignoniaceae tree native from Mexico to Venezuela and the Caribbean, bearing 15–30 cm hard-shelled fruits used as bowls, containers, and musical instruments; IUCN least concern.
CREST syndrome
CREST syndrome, the historical name for limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, combines calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia; also called Thibierge-Weissenbach syndrome, with anticentromere antibodies and late pulmonary hypertension.
CREST trial
CREST (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial), NIH-sponsored randomized trial of 2,502 patients comparing carotid artery stenting with endarterectomy: similar composite outcomes, more periprocedural stroke with stenting, more MI with surgery.
Crested gecko
Crested gecko (Correlophus ciliatus, formerly Rhacodactylus ciliatus), an omnivorous, nocturnal gecko endemic to New Caledonia; rediscovered in 1994 after being thought extinct, IUCN Vulnerable, with adhesive toe and tail pads and no tail regeneration.
Crested penguin
Crested penguins, genus Eudyptes, are sub-Antarctic penguins with yellow crests that lay two eggs but raise one chick; species include macaroni, rockhopper, Fiordland, Snares, royal, and erect-crested penguins.
CRETA trial
CRETA trial (EudraCT 2018-002948-88, NCT04131543): Italian phase II single-arm study of cabozantinib in pretreated advanced RET-rearranged NSCLC, sponsored by University of Bologna, 25 planned patients; prematurely ended with no published results.
Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec
Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec (CG0070) is an intravesical oncolytic adenovirus immunotherapy by CG Oncology for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC; phase III BOND-003 showed 75% complete response with no grade 3 or higher adverse events.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), also called classic CJD, is a rare, always fatal human prion disease causing rapidly progressive dementia, about 1–2 cases per million yearly, mostly sporadic, distinct from variant CJD linked to BSE beef.
Crex
Crex, a rail genus (Rallidae) erected by Bechstein in 1803, holds the corncrake Crex crex and formerly the African crake C. egregia; phylogenomics shows it is not monophyletic, and Crecopsis is proposed for the African crake.
CRH stimulation test
The CRH stimulation test is an endocrine diagnostic procedure in which intravenous corticotropin-releasing hormone provokes ACTH and cortisol secretion, mainly to separate pituitary from ectopic causes of Cushing's syndrome.
CRHC trial
CRHC trial (CRHCP, China Rural Hypertension Control Project), NCT03527719: cluster-randomized trial in 326 rural Chinese villages, 33,995 hypertensive adults, testing village doctor-led intensive blood pressure control; 57.0% vs 19.9% control at 18 months, reduced CVD risk and dementia.
CRHR1
CRHR1 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, CRF-R1) is a human gene at 17q21.31 encoding a class B GPCR for CRH and urocortin 1, central to HPA axis stress signaling, with variants linked to depression, PTSD, and multiple sclerosis.
Cri du chat syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome (5p- syndrome, cat cry syndrome) is a genetic disorder from deletion of chromosome 5's short arm, causing a cat-like infant cry, intellectual disability, microcephaly, and hypotonia; first described by Lejeune in 1963.
CRIC study
The CRIC study, formally the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, is a US observational study following about 3,600 adults with chronic kidney disease, established by the NIDDK in 2001.
Cricetidae
Cricetidae, the cricetids (hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, New World rats and mice), is a huge muroid rodent family with roughly 680 to 800-plus species in 130 genera and 6 subfamilies, native to the Americas, Europe, and Asia.
Cricetodon
Cricetodon, an extinct Miocene cricetid rodent genus named by Lartet in 1851 from Sansan, France; namesake of tribe Cricetodontini, known from Europe, Anatolia, and Asia, with a lineage spanning about 17 million years.
Cricetomys
Cricetomys, African giant pouched rats (gambianus, ansorgei, emini), large Nesomyidae rodents of sub-Saharan Africa; trained by APOPO to detect land mines, tuberculosis, and tobacco, with TB sensitivity about 87%.
Cricetulus
Cricetulus (dwarf hamsters), genus Milne-Edwards 1867 in Cricetinae. Once polyphyletic; 2018 revision left C. barabensis, C. sokolovi, C. longicaudatus, moving Urocricetus and Nothocricetulus out.
Cricetus
Cricetus is a monotypic hamster genus whose sole species, the common or European hamster (Cricetus cricetus, Linnaeus 1758), ranges 5,500 km from northwest Europe to eastern China and is IUCN Critically Endangered.
Cricket (insect)
Crickets, also known as true crickets, are jumping insects related to grasshoppers and katydids, with long antennae and males that chirp by rubbing their forewings together to attract mates.
Cricoid pressure
Cricoid pressure, also called the Sellick maneuver, is firm backward pressure on the cricoid cartilage during rapid anesthesia induction, introduced by B.A. Sellick in 1961.
Cricothyroidotomy
Cricothyroidotomy is an emergency surgical airway procedure that cuts through the cricothyroid membrane in the front of the neck to place a tube into the trachea.
Cricothyrotomy
Cricothyrotomy (cricothyroidotomy, coniotomy): emergency surgical airway through the cricothyroid membrane for CICO scenarios; scalpel and puncture techniques, complications, history, and prehospital outcomes.