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Cucurbita
Cucurbita, the squash and pumpkin genus of the gourd family, native to the Americas with five domesticated species (pepo, maxima, moschata, argyrosperma, ficifolia), domesticated from about 10,000 years ago.
Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima (winter squash; Hubbard squash, buttercup squash, giant pumpkin) is a domesticated Cucurbitaceae species of exclusively South American origin, with wild progenitor C. andreana, spread worldwide in the 19th century.
Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo, the species covering zucchini, pumpkins, acorn and crookneck squash, and ornamental gourds; three subspecies, 10 cultivar-groups, domesticated twice in North America, most economically important Cucurbita.
Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae, the gourd family, is a plant family of about 95 genera and 1,000 species of tendril-bearing vines in Cucurbitales, supplying cucumber, melon, watermelon, squash, and pumpkin; Asian Late Cretaceous origin, crops domesticated from c. 11,000 years ago.
Cucurbitales
Cucurbitales, the gourd and begonia order of flowering plants, a fabid rosid order of seven or eight families including Cucurbitaceae and Begoniaceae, sister to Fagales, with mostly unisexual flowers and major crops like squash, cucumber, and watermelon.
Cud
Cud is regurgitated reticular ingesta that ruminants remasticate, reinsalivate, and reswallow during rumination, reducing particle size and buffering the rumen with saliva; monitored on farms via cud-chewing cows.
Cufraneb
Cufraneb (cufram Z, embathane), CAS 11096-18-7, is an obsolete copper-zinc-manganese-iron dithiocarbamate fungicide first registered in the 1940s, used against blight, mildews, scab, and leafspot, and no longer approved in the EU or UK.
Cuilin Zhang
Cuilin Zhang is a clinical epidemiologist known for research on gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and Chair Professor on Women's Health at the National University of Singapore.
Cukkumtippalyadi Gutika
Cukkumtippalyadi Gutika (Chukkumthippalyadi Gulika), a Kerala Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill of dry ginger, long pepper, and purified minerals, AFI Part 1 12:12, dose 250 mg, used for sannipataja jwara (fever), cough, and digestive complaints.
CUL1
CUL1 (cullin 1, Q13616, 7q36.1) is the human scaffold of SCF/SKP1-CUL1-F-box ubiquitin ligases: N-terminus binds SKP1, C-terminus binds RBX1, regulated by NEDD8 neddylation, CAND1, and the COP9 signalosome.
CUL3
CUL3 (cullin 3) is a scaffold protein of CRL3 BTB-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes on chromosome 2q36.2; exon 9 splice mutations cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type IIE hypertension, and loss-of-function variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with autism.
CUL4A
CUL4A (cullin 4A, 13q34) encodes the scaffold of the CRL4A E3 ubiquitin ligase, which degrades DDB2, XPC, Cdt1, and p21 to control DNA repair and S phase entry; amplified in breast, lung, liver, and other cancers.
CUL4B
CUL4B (cullin 4B), Xq24 gene encoding the scaffold of the CRL4B E3 ubiquitin ligase; loss-of-function mutations cause Cabezas-type X-linked intellectual disability with hypogonadism, tremor, and obesity, and CUL4B is overexpressed in many cancers.
Culantro
Eryngium foetidum, culantro, recao, chadon beni, sawtooth or Mexican coriander: a spiny-leaved biennial Apiaceae herb native to tropical America, coriander-flavored via eryngial ((E)-2-dodecenal), used as a culinary and medicinal herb across the tropics.
Culcita (fern)
Culcita is a two-species genus of tree ferns (Culcitaceae, Cyatheales): trunkless Culcita coniifolia of American tropical cloud forests and Culcita macrocarpa, the Near Threatened woolly tree fern of Macaronesia and Iberia.
Culcita macrocarpa
Culcita macrocarpa, the woolly tree fern (helecho de colchoneros), is a relict Iberian-Macaronesian fern of Cyatheales with creeping rhizome, fronds over 2 m, IUCN Near Threatened status, and protection under the Habitats Directive.
Culdoscopes
Culdoscopes are endoscopic instruments passed through the vaginal wall into the rectovaginal pouch to view the pelvic viscera. Devised by Albert Decker, they dominated US gynecological endoscopy circa 1950-1970 before laparoscopy displaced culdoscopy.
Culdoscopy
Culdoscopy, also called transvaginal endoscopy, is a gynecologic procedure in which a culdoscope is inserted through the posterior vaginal fornix into the pouch of Douglas. Developed by Albert Decker in the 1940s, it dominated US gynecologic endoscopy circa 1950-1970 before laparoscopy supplanted it.
Culevibart
Culevibart (库莱韦拜单抗, RB0026, brand Inmular/英沐乐) is a long-acting human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against RSV F protein site II, approved by China's NMPA on September 3, 2026 for RSV prophylaxis in infants ≥35 weeks' gestation.
Culex
Culex is a cosmopolitan mosquito genus in the Culicidae family. Its species, including Cx. pipiens, are key vectors for arboviruses like West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis.
Culicoides
Culicoides biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), genus erected by Latreille 1809; 1–3 mm blood-feeding flies, over 1,400 species worldwide, primary vectors of bluetongue, African horse sickness, and Oropouche viruses.
Culiseta
Culiseta (Felt, 1904), formerly Theobaldia, is the sole genus of mosquito tribe Culisetini, with 42 extant and 3 fossil species in seven subgenera; large Culex-like mosquitoes including Cs. melanura, an EEE surveillance species, and Cs. annulata, first found in Iceland in 2025.
Cullen
Cullen Medik. is a genus of about 32-35 legume species (Fabaceae, tribe Psoraleeae), segregate of Psoralea, native from the Old World tropics to Australia, containing furanocoumarins and evaluated as dryland pasture.
Cullin
Cullin (cullin proteins, CUL1-CUL9/PARC): scaffold proteins of cullin-RING ligases, the largest E3 ubiquitin ligase family, activated by NEDD8 neddylation; ancient Culα/β/γ ancestry; linked to 3-M syndrome, X-linked intellectual disability, and cancer.
Culling
Culling is the removal of animals from a herd or population, most often livestock, because they are unproductive, diseased, or genetically undesirable; it also covers killing to control disease outbreaks.
Culmerciclib capsules
Culmerciclib capsules (库莫西利胶囊, 赛坦欣) is the first approved CDK2/4/6 inhibitor, a Chia Tai Tianqing oral drug for HR+/HER2- breast cancer with fulvestrant, NMPA-approved December 2025.
CULPRIT-SHOCK trial
CULPRIT-SHOCK (Culprit Lesion Only PCI Versus Multivessel PCI in Cardiogenic Shock), NCT01927549: European randomized trial of 706 AMI patients with cardiogenic shock and multivessel disease showing culprit-lesion-only PCI beat immediate multivessel PCI at 30 days (45.9% vs 55.4% death or renal replacement), reshaping guidelines.
Cultivar
Cultivar: an assemblage of cultivated plants selected for distinct, uniform, stable characters that persist when propagated, named under the ICNCP and protectable via plant patents, PVP certificates, or plant breeders' rights.
Cultivation and use of wood, shield and lady ferns
Cultivation and use of wood, shield, and lady ferns covers growing shade-garden Dryopteris and Athyrium ferns, notable cultivars like the Japanese painted fern, and male fern's historical use as a tapeworm remedy.
Cultivation and uses of maidenhairs and brakes
Cultivation and uses of maidenhairs and brakes describes growing Adiantum and Pteris ferns indoors and out, using Pteris vittata to extract arsenic from soil, and herbal uses.