72,234 articles
CTNNA1
CTNNA1 (catenin alpha 1, αE-catenin) is a human gene at 5q31.2 encoding a 102-kDa mechanosensing cadherin-actin adaptor; mutations cause butterfly-shaped pigment dystrophy and diffuse gastric/lobular breast cancer syndrome.
CTNNB1
CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1) encodes beta-catenin, the WNT signaling co-activator and adherens junction component at 3p22.1; oncogene with exon 3 hotspot mutations in cancer, and cause of CTNNB1 neurodevelopmental disorder when loss-of-function.
CTNND1
CTNND1, or catenin delta 1, is a human gene on chromosome 11 that encodes p120-catenin, which stabilizes cadherins at cell-cell junctions and is often lost in tumors.
CTO-PCI study
CTO-PCI study: percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total coronary occlusions (blockages of at least 3 months), and the J-CTO, PROGRESS-CTO, CL, and CASTLE scoring systems predicting procedural success and wire-crossing difficulty.
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT, EC 2.7.7.15) catalyzes the rate-limiting CDP-choline step of Kennedy pathway phosphatidylcholine synthesis; an amphitropic enzyme activated by membrane binding, with nuclear CCTα and ER CCTβ isoforms.
CTSH
CTSH (cathepsin H, CPSB, ACC-4/ACC-5) is a human gene at 15q25.1 encoding a lysosomal cysteine protease, EC 3.4.22.16, with unique aminopeptidase activity, linked to narcolepsy type 1, severe myopia, type 1 diabetes, and cancer.
CTSL
CTSL (cathepsin L, HGNC:2537) is a human gene on 9q21.33 encoding a lysosomal cysteine protease involved in protein catabolism, antigen processing, cancer progression, and SARS-CoV-2 entry; distinct from a cardiac MRI model of the same name.
CTTN
CTTN (cortactin, formerly EMS1) is a human gene at 11q13.3 encoding the Src substrate cortactin, a 550-amino-acid actin-binding protein that stabilizes Arp2/3-branched actin networks and is overexpressed in breast and head-and-neck cancers.
CTV-1
CTV-1 (CVCL_1150, DSMZ ACC-40) is a human leukemia cell line established in 1984 from relapsed acute monoblastic leukemia but now classified as T-ALL; MSI-high, male STR profile, Lck-driven proliferation, used in DepMap and COSMIC.
CUB domain
CUB domain: ~110-residue extracellular protein module named for Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and BMP1; beta-sandwich fold, often calcium-binding (cbCUB), mediating protein-protein interactions in development and immunity.
Cuban tree frog
Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis), largest US treefrog, native to Cuba, Bahamas, and Cayman Islands; invasive in Florida and Gulf Coast, toxic skin secretions, preys on native frogs, 4,000–5,000-egg clutches.
Cuben fold calcium-binding domain
Cuben fold: the C-terminal appendage domain of PcncAAAD, a calcium-activatable aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; a novel topology of two perpendicular six-strand β-barrel repeats named after its source organism.
Cubital fossa
Cubital fossa (antecubital fossa): triangular depression on the front of the elbow bounded by brachioradialis, pronator teres, and the inter-epicondylar line; contains radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, and median nerve; main venipuncture site.
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow, is the second most common upper-limb compression neuropathy, causing little and ring finger numbness worsened by elbow flexion; treated first conservatively, then by in situ decompression or transposition.
Cubitus valgus
Cubitus valgus, an increased elbow carrying angle beyond age- and sex-matched norms, usually from lateral condylar fracture malunion or nonunion; causes tardy ulnar nerve palsy and is corrected by supracondylar osteotomy.
Cubitus varus
Cubitus varus, or gunstock deformity, is a triplanar varus, extension, and internal rotation deformity of the elbow caused by malunion of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures, treated mainly by corrective distal humeral osteotomy.
Cuckold
Cuckold: a male whose mate bears offspring sired by another male; in biology, extra-pair paternity. Human rates about 1–3% in European populations, 48% among Himba; term from the cuckoo.
Cuckoo
The cuckoo is a bird of the family Cuculidae, about 156 species worldwide, best known for the Common Cuckoo's habit of laying eggs in other birds' nests.
Cuckoo bee
Cuckoo bees, also called kleptoparasitic or brood-parasitic bees, lay eggs in other bees' nests; larvae eat host provisions and kill host larvae. About 12% of bee species, including Nomada and Psithyrus cuckoo bumble bees, use this strategy across 27 independent origins.
Cucujidae
Cucujidae, the flat bark beetles, is a family of beetles with strongly flattened bodies, living under the bark of dead trees; about 60 species are known worldwide.
Cuculiformes
Cuculiformes, the cuckoo order (Cuculidae), comprises roughly 129–156 species of cuckoos, coucals, anis, and roadrunners on all continents except Antarctica, famed for brood parasitism evolved three times within the order.
Cuculus
Cuculus, the Eurasian cuckoos (genus Cuculus, Linnaeus 1758), is a genus of 11 Old World brood-parasitic cuckoos in Cuculidae; type species the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, Least Concern globally but declining in Britain.
Cucumaria frondosa
Cucumaria frondosa, the orange-footed or northern sea cucumber, is a cold-water North Atlantic dendrochirotid holothurian fished from Newfoundland to the Barents Sea, a suspension feeder with non-feeding larvae and very slow growth.
Cucumber
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), a Cucurbitaceae vine crop from India with wild progenitor var. hardwickii; grown as slicing, pickling, and parthenocarpic greenhouse types, harvested immature and eaten fresh or pickled.
Cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), genus Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae: a tripartite positive-sense RNA plant virus first described in 1916, with an extremely broad host range of over 500 naturally infected species, non-persistent transmission by over 80 aphid species, and symptom-modulating satellite RNAs.
Cucumis
Cucumis, a Cucurbitaceae genus described by Linnaeus in 1753, includes cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo); molecular phylogenetics recircumscribed it to include five former genera, extending its range to Australia.
Cucumis melo
Cucumis melo, the melon species including muskmelon, cantaloupe, honeydew, and snake melon, is a diploid Cucurbitaceae vine domesticated independently in Asia and Africa, with remains from 3700–3500 BC Egypt and 3000 BC China.
Cucumis metuliferus
Cucumis metuliferus, the kiwano or African horned melon, is a spiny annual Cucurbitaceae vine from Africa whose orange-red horned fruit is eaten and whose nematode and virus resistance makes it a melon rootstock.
Cucurbit downy mildew
Cucurbit downy mildew is a foliar disease of cucurbit crops caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis, which infects over 50 cucurbit species in more than 70 countries.
Cucurbit powdery mildew
Cucurbit powdery mildew is a fungal disease of squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and melon caused chiefly by Podosphaera xanthii, producing white powdery colonies and yield losses up to 20%.