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Degenerative mitral valve prolapse
Degenerative mitral valve prolapse, also called Barlow disease or myxomatous MVP, is connective-tissue degeneration of the mitral valve causing leaflet displacement ≥2 mm above the annulus, mitral regurgitation, and in a subset arrhythmic risk.
Degenerin
Degenerin is a group of ion channel proteins of the ENaC/DEG family in the nematode C. elegans, named for mutations that cause sensory neurons to swell and die.
Deglet Nour
Deglet Nour (Deglet Noor), the 'queen of dates', is a semi-dry Algerian date palm cultivar from Tolga, dominant in Tunisia and Algeria, translucent, sweet, and one of the world's two most-traded dates.
Degradation of the extracellular matrix
Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM breakdown, Reactome R-HSA-1474228): enzymatic cleavage of collagens, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and proteoglycans by MMPs, ADAMTS, and serine proteases, regulated by TIMPs and the cysteine-switch mechanism.
Degradome sequencing
Degradome sequencing, also known as PARE or GMUCT, is a high-throughput sequencing method that maps RNA decay fragments to identify microRNA-directed mRNA cleavage sites genome-wide, most informatively in plants.
Degron
Degron (degradation signal): a minimal protein element sufficient for recognition and degradation, chiefly by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Includes N-degrons, phosphodegrons, cryptic degrons, and engineered tags like AID, dTAG, and ssrA.
Dehalococcoides
Dehalococcoides (Dhc), including Dehalococcoides mccartyi, formerly D. ethenogenes, are tiny anaerobic Chloroflexi bacteria that respire chlorinated pollutants like PCE and TCE via reductive dehalogenases, have ~1.4 Mb genomes, and require scavenged corrinoids.
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, also called hereditary xerocytosis, is a rare autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia caused mainly by PIEZO1 gain-of-function mutations, causing red cell dehydration, iron overload, and post-splenectomy thrombosis risk.
Dehydration
Dehydration: deficiency of body water from losses exceeding intake, caused by diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, fever, or diuretics; treated with fluids, oral rehydration salts, or IV therapy.
Dehydration of newborn
Dehydration of newborn (neonatal dehydration, ICD-11 KB63.1) is excessive body water loss in a newborn; the key form is hypernatremic dehydration from inadequate breast milk intake, treated with slow sodium correction.
Dehydrin
Dehydrins (DHNs), also called LEA group 2 or D11 proteins, are intrinsically disordered, highly hydrophilic plant stress proteins defined by a lysine-rich K-segment, induced by drought, cold, and salinity, protecting membranes, enzymes, and DNA.
Dehydroabietic acid
Dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) is a tricyclic abietane-type diterpene resin acid and major, oxidation-resistant component of rosin, formed as abietic acid aromatizes during aging and during industrial rosin processing.
Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase
Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS), also called DedolPS, is the catalytic cis-prenyltransferase subunit that with NgBR forms the human enzyme making dehydrodolichyl diphosphate (C85-100), the dolichol-phosphate precursor for N-linked glycosylation; mutations cause retinitis pigmentosa 59 and epileptic encephalopathy.
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), with its sulfate DHEAS, is the most abundant adrenal steroid hormone in humans, a prohormone converted to testosterone and estradiol; isolated in 1934, levels decline about 10% per decade after peaking in early adulthood.
Deimatic behaviour
Deimatic behaviour, also called startle display, is an antipredator defence where prey make sudden conspicuous displays that trigger unlearned avoidance in predators; distinct from aposematism, seen in swallowtails, eyespots, and toad unken reflex.
Deimmunization
Deimmunization is a protein engineering method that mutates therapeutic proteins and antibodies to remove predicted T cell epitopes, reducing anti-drug antibody responses while preserving the molecule's function.
Deinfibulation
Deinfibulation, also called defibulation, is a minor surgical procedure cutting open scar tissue sealing the vaginal opening in Type III FGM/C, restoring urination, menstruation, intercourse, and childbirth.
Deinocheirus
Deinocheirus mirificus, a giant ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia, known for 2.4 m arms found in 1965; complete 2014 skeletons revealed an 11 m, 6.4-ton hump-backed, duck-billed omnivore.
Deinococcus
Deinococcus, a genus of extremely radioresistant Gram-positive-staining bacteria in the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus; type species D. radiodurans, isolated 1956 from irradiated canned meat, survives ~10 kGy via protein protection and DNA repair.
Deinocroton
Deinocroton is an extinct Cretaceous tick genus from Burmese amber (~99 Ma), type species D. draculi, likely parasitizing feathered dinosaurs; formerly family Deinocrotonidae, now placed in Nuttalliellidae.
Deinonychus
Deinonychus antirrhopus, the 'terrible claw' dromaeosaurid theropod from Early Cretaceous North America (115–108 Ma), 3.4 m long; its 1969 description by Ostrom sparked the dinosaur renaissance and its sickle claw is now seen as a grasping, not slashing, weapon.
Deinopidae
Deinopidae, the net-casting or ogre-faced spiders, is a spider family whose members throw a small cribellate silk net over nocturnal prey; three genera, Asianopis, Deinopis, and Menneus, with about 71 species, and greatly enlarged posterior median eyes in Deinopis.
Deinosuchus
Deinosuchus, the 'terror crocodile', a giant Late Cretaceous North American crocodylian (species hatcheri, riograndensis, schwimmeri) reaching about 11 m, apex predator that ate dinosaurs and turtles, reclassified in 2025 as a stem crocodylian.
Deinotherium
Deinotherium, extinct Miocene-Pleistocene proboscidean (Kaup, 1829) related to elephants, with downward-curving lower tusks, no upper tusks, over 4 m shoulder height, browsing diet across Africa and Eurasia.
Deinstitutionalization
Deinstitutionalization is the process of shifting mental health care from long-stay psychiatric institutions to community-based services, so people can return to and live in their communities.
Dejarnette Sanitarium
Dejarnette Sanitarium (DeJarnette State Sanitarium) was a 1932 psychiatric hospital in Staunton, Virginia, founded by eugenicist Dr. Joseph S. DeJarnette; later a children's facility, now the Commonwealth Center for Children & Adolescents.
Dejerine-Sottas syndrome
Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS), also CMT3 or HMSN III, is a severe infantile-onset demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth phenotype with nerve conduction below 10-12 m/s, areflexia, and foot deformities, caused by PMP22, MPZ, EGR2, or PRX mutations.
Dejerine–Roussy syndrome
Dejerine–Roussy syndrome, or thalamic pain, is central post-stroke pain described by Dejerine and Roussy in 1906: contralateral burning pain, hemihypesthesia, hemiataxia, and choreoathetosis after thalamic or spinothalamic tract stroke.
Dejian Ren
Dejian Ren is an American physiologist and Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania known for identifying the NALCN sodium-leak channel and the lysosomal channel TMEM175.
Dek Woolfson
Dek Woolfson (Derek Neil Woolfson, born 1965) is a chemist and biochemist who designs new proteins from scratch, and Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Bristol.