72,234 articles
Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2 (D2R, DRD2 gene) is a Gi/o-coupled GPCR that inhibits adenylyl cyclase; identified 1976–1979, cloned 1988, the main antipsychotic drug target with a 60–80% occupancy therapeutic window.
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI), also NDRI or DNRI: a drug blocking the dopamine transporter (DAT, SLC6A3) to raise synaptic dopamine. Key drugs: bupropion, methylphenidate, modafinil, solriamfetol; used for depression, ADHD, narcolepsy, smoking cessation.
Dopamine transporter
Dopamine transporter (DAT, SLC6A3): presynaptic Na+/Cl- dependent transporter clearing synaptic dopamine; blocked by cocaine and methylphenidate, reversed by amphetamine; mutated in dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome and imaged by DaTscan SPECT.
Dopaminergic pathways
Dopaminergic pathways are the brain's dopamine neuron projections: nigrostriatal (motor, substantia nigra to dorsal striatum), mesolimbic and mesocortical (VTA to nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, reward and executive function), and tuberoinfundibular (hypothalamus to pituitary, prolactin inhibition).
Doppler Color Echocardiography
Doppler color echocardiography (color flow echocardiography, MeSH D018618) superimposes color-coded blood flow on gray-scale heart ultrasound in real time; pulsed-Doppler based, red/blue directional display, limited by Nyquist aliasing and angle dependence.
Doppler echocardiography
Doppler echocardiography measures cardiac blood-flow velocities via the Doppler effect to estimate valve gradients and pulmonary pressures noninvasively; modes include continuous-wave, pulsed-wave, color-flow, and tissue Doppler, validated against right heart catheterization.
Doppler flowmetry
Doppler flowmetry is a noninvasive diagnostic method that measures blood flow velocity by detecting the Doppler frequency shift of ultrasound reflected from moving red blood cells.
Doppler optical coherence tomography
Doppler optical coherence tomography, also called optical Doppler tomography, is an imaging method combining OCT with Doppler shift measurement to quantify blood flow velocity in living tissue.
Doppler Pulsed Echocardiography
Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (pulsed-wave, PW Doppler) measures blood flow or tissue velocity at a selected sample volume using pulsed ultrasound; limited by the Nyquist limit and aliasing above roughly 1.5 to 2 m/s.
Doppler Pulsed Ultrasonography
Doppler pulsed ultrasonography, or pulsed-wave Doppler, is an ultrasound technique that measures blood-flow velocity at a specific depth, unlike continuous-wave Doppler, and is used in vascular and cardiac diagnosis.
Doppler ultrasonography
Doppler ultrasonography is an ultrasound technique that measures the frequency shift of sound waves reflected from moving blood cells, assessing blood flow noninvasively in arteries, veins, the heart, and pregnancy.
Doppler ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that measures the speed, direction, and amount of blood flow by bouncing sound waves off moving red blood cells.
Dora E. Angelaki
Dora E. Angelaki is a computational and systems neuroscientist, professor at New York University since 2018, known for research on vestibular-visual integration, spatial navigation, and multisensory perception.
Dora Richter
Dora Richter (1892–1966), Bohemian-born German trans woman, first known person to undergo complete male-to-female gender-affirming surgery: orchiectomy 1922, penectomy and vaginoplasty 1931 at Hirschfeld's Institute for Sexual Science, Berlin; survived the Nazi era, died in Allersberg, Bavaria.
Doravirine
Doravirine (DOR, MK-1439; Pifeltro, Delstrigo) is a pyridinone NNRTI for HIV-1, dosed 100 mg once daily, CYP3A-metabolized, contraindicated with strong CYP3A inducers, active against K103N virus.
Dorcatherium
Dorcatherium, also written Dorcatherium naui group, an extinct Miocene tragulid (fossil chevrotain) genus from Africa and Eurasia with about 22 species, type species D. naui, known for wet-forest habitat and cranial sexual dimorphism.
Dordaviprone
Dordaviprone, developed as ONC201 and sold as Modeyso, is an oral anticancer drug the FDA approved in August 2025 for H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma.
Doreen Cantrell
Doreen A. Cantrell is a British immunologist and Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow at the University of Dundee, known for work on T lymphocyte activation and signaling.
Dorian B. McGavern
Dorian B. McGavern is an American immunologist who leads the Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section at NINDS, NIH, studying immune responses in the central nervous system.
Doripenem
Doripenem (Doribax) is an intravenous broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic approved in the US in 2007 and EU in 2008 for complicated intra-abdominal and urinary infections; withdrawn in the EU in 2014 and discontinued in the US after a VAP trial showed increased mortality.
Doris Bachtrog
Doris Bachtrog is an evolutionary geneticist and professor of integrative biology at UC Berkeley, known for studying how sex chromosomes form, degenerate, and evolve, using fruit flies and other animals.
Doris E. Roberts
Doris E. Roberts, born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1915, was an American nurse leader who served as a U.S. Public Health Service officer from 1945 to 1975.
Doris H. Calloway
Doris Howes Calloway (1923–2001) was an American nutrition scientist and UC Berkeley professor whose controlled feeding studies shaped protein and energy standards in dietary recommendations.
Doris R. Schwartz
Doris R. Schwartz (1915–1999) was an American nursing pioneer in public health and aging, a Cornell faculty member for twenty-nine years and a Charter Fellow of the National Academy of Nursing.
Doris Ying Tsao
Doris Ying Tsao, who publishes as Doris Y. Tsao, is an American neuroscientist known for discovering the macaque face patch system and decoding how the brain represents faces.
Dormancy
Dormancy: reversible low-metabolic-activity state used across bacteria, plants, and animals (seed dormancy, diapause, hibernation, torpor) to survive unfavorable conditions, forming seed banks that persist for years to millennia.
Dormouse
Dormouse: small arboreal rodent of the family Gliridae (also called Myoxidae), including the hazel, edible, garden, and forest dormice; known for hibernation and torpor, early Eocene fossil record, and the garden dormouse's Vulnerable IUCN status.
Dornase alfa
Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme), recombinant human DNase I inhaled daily, is a mucolytic for cystic fibrosis lung disease; FDA-approved 1993, it cleaves extracellular DNA in sputum, improving FEV1 and reducing exacerbations.
Doron Lancet
Doron Lancet is an Israeli human geneticist and bioinformatician at the Weizmann Institute of Science, known for olfactory genetics, GeneCards, and the GARD prebiotic evolution model.
Doronicum
Doronicum (leopard's bane) is a genus of perennial rhizomatous Asteraceae herbs with yellow daisy-like flower heads, native from NW Africa and Europe to the Himalaya, placed in tribe Doroniceae and used ornamentally and medicinally.