Life and health

Dose-adjusted EPOCH regimen

Dose-adjusted EPOCH (DA-EPOCH) is a combination chemotherapy regimen for aggressive B-cell lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma, with doses adjusted each cycle to the patient's neutrophil nadir.

Dose-dense AC is an adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy regimen giving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide every 14 days for four cycles with mandatory G-CSF support, shown by trials to reduce recurrences.

Dose-dense chemotherapy

Dose-dense chemotherapy is a scheduling strategy that shortens the interval between cycles while keeping each dose unchanged, established in node-positive breast cancer with growth-factor support.

Dose-escalation study

A dose-escalation study is a phase I clinical trial design giving sequentially increasing doses to small cohorts to characterize safety and select a dose for later development.

Dose-finding study

A dose-finding study is a clinical trial design that selects a treatment dose by evaluating safety, tolerability, and efficacy across dose levels, mainly in early-phase trials.

Dose-ranging study

A dose-ranging study is a clinical trial that gives participants several dose levels of a drug to characterize the dose-response relationship and select doses for later testing.

Dose–response relationship

The dose–response relationship, also known as the dose-response curve, links the dose of a drug to the body's biological response, and supplies potency and efficacy parameters for comparing drugs.

Dose–response study

A dose–response study examines how the risk of a health outcome changes as exposure or dose increases, used to judge whether an association is causal and to set regulatory exposure limits.

Dosha (दोष)

Dosha (दोष): the three Ayurvedic bodily principles, vata, pitta, and kapha, whose harmony defines health and imbalance disease; also basis of prakriti constitution types.

Oct 20, 2026

Dostarlimab

Dostarlimab (Jemperli) is a PD-1-blocking monoclonal antibody from GSK for dMMR/MSI-H endometrial cancer, dMMR solid tumors, and locally advanced rectal cancer, approved in the EU from 2021 and the US from 2021.

Dosulepin

Dosulepin (dothiepin, Prothiaden) is a tricyclic antidepressant, a thio derivative of amitriptyline introduced in 1963, licensed for depressive illness with anxiety, but restricted in the UK because of high overdose toxicity.

Dot blot

A dot blot is a membrane-based assay in which protein or nucleic acid samples are spotted directly onto a membrane and detected with labeled antibodies or probes.

DOT1L

DOT1L (KMT4), the sole H3K79 histone methyltransferase, a non-SET 7βS enzyme acting only on nucleosomes; misrecruited in MLL/KMT2A-rearranged leukemia, targeted by pinometostat.

DOTATATE therapy

DOTATATE therapy is a nuclear medicine treatment delivering lutetium-177 via the radiolabeled somatostatin analog Lutathera to neuroendocrine tumors, approved in Europe in 2017 and the United States in 2018.

Dothistroma septosporum

Dothistroma septosporum, red band needle blight fungus, primary cause of Dothistroma needle blight of pines; Eurasian origin, worldwide distribution, dothistromin toxin, weather-driven epidemics, major plantation losses.

Dotinurad

Dotinurad (ドチヌラド, Urece/Yurisu) is a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor blocking URAT1, approved in Japan 2020 and China 2024 for gout and hyperuricemia; 4 mg/day beat febuxostat 40 mg in a phase 3 trial.

Double aortic arch

Double aortic arch: a congenital heart defect with two aortic arches forming a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus, causing breathing and swallowing symptoms; treated surgically with excellent outcomes.

Double chambered right ventricle

Double chambered right ventricle (DCRV), anomalous muscle bundles dividing the right ventricle into high- and low-pressure chambers, a rare congenital RVOT obstruction (0.5–2% of CHD) usually linked to VSD, often missed on echo, treated by surgical resection.

Double diffusion (immunology)

Double diffusion, or the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion assay, is an immunological technique in which antigen and antibody diffuse toward each other through agar gel, forming precipitin lines.

Double eyelids

Double eyelids, also called creased upper eyelids, are upper eyelids with a visible supratarsal crease; about 50% of people of Asian descent lack one, and surgery can create it.

Double fertilization

Double fertilization: angiosperm fertilization in which one sperm forms the diploid embryo and a second forms the triploid endosperm; discovered by Nawaschin (1898) and Guignard (1899); also occurs in the gymnosperm genera Ephedra and Gnetum, producing a second embryo.

Double outlet left ventricle

Double outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is a rare congenital heart defect in which the aorta and pulmonary artery both originate from the morphologic left ventricle, usually with a ventricular septal defect.

Double outlet right ventricle

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV), also called double-outlet right ventricle, is a congenital heart defect where both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle, usually with a VSD; treated by biventricular repair, single-ventricle palliation, or palliation.