Life and health

Eagle syndrome

Eagle syndrome, also called stylohyoid syndrome, is a neurovascular compression syndrome in which an elongated styloid process or calcified ligament causes face, throat, and neck pain.

EAGLES (Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study), NCT01456936: 8,144-participant Pfizer/GSK phase 4 trial showing varenicline and bupropion carry no significant neuropsychiatric risk versus patch or placebo, leading the FDA to remove its boxed warning in 2016.

Eales disease

Eales disease, first described by Henry Eales in 1880, is an idiopathic occlusive retinal perivasculitis of young men causing neovascularization and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, linked to tuberculosis, treated with steroids, laser, and vitrectomy.

EamA domain

EamA domain (IPR000620, Pfam PF00892, formerly DUF6): a five-helix transmembrane protein domain of the DMT/EmrE superfamily; two copies give 5+5 TM metabolite transporters including nucleotide-sugar, riboflavin, and choline transporters.

Ear

Ear: the vertebrate organ of hearing and balance, with outer, middle, and inner divisions. Mammals uniquely have three middle-ear ossicles from jaw bones; paired ears enable directional hearing; mammalian hair-cell loss is permanent.

Ear Acupuncture

Ear acupuncture (auricular acupuncture, auriculotherapy): stimulation of specific outer-ear points based on a body map, systematized by Paul Nogier in 1957; studied mainly for pain and addiction, including the NADA protocol.

Ear canal

Ear canal (external auditory canal, external acoustic meatus): the tube from the outer ear opening to the eardrum. Resonates at 2–4 kHz, forms from a meatal plug canalizing at 28–32 weeks, prone to exostoses in cold-water surfers.

Ear candling

Ear candling, also called ear coning or thermo-auricular therapy, is an alternative practice of burning a hollow candle in the ear canal to remove earwax; testing shows no suction, no wax removal, and burn and perforation risks, and guidelines recommend against it.

Ear mite

Ear mite (Otodectes cynotis), a psoroptic surface mite of cats, dogs, and ferrets worldwide; lives in the ear canal, causes otic pruritus and dark cerumen, spreads by direct contact, treated with macrocyclic lactones and isoxazolines.

Ear Protective Devices

Ear protective devices (hearing protection devices, HPDs): earplugs, earmuffs, and canal caps that reduce sound reaching the eardrum. Rated by NRR; real-world attenuation verified by fit testing (PAR); NIOSH recommends quantitative fit testing since 2025.

Sep 29, 2026

Ear-EEG

Ear-EEG is a wearable EEG method that records brain activity from electrodes placed in or around the ear canal, enabling unobtrusive long-term monitoring of sleep, auditory responses, and brain state.

Ear-lobe keloid

Ear-lobe keloid (ICD-11 EE60.00): benign fibrous scar overgrowth on the earlobe, usually after piercing. Shiny globular growths; excision alone recurs 50-100%, so steroids, pressure, or radiotherapy are added.

Ear-patella-short stature syndrome

Ear-patella-short stature syndrome, or Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGORS), is a rare microcephalic primordial dwarfism with microtia, absent or small patellae, and short stature, caused by variants in 13 DNA replication genes including ORC1, CDT1, and CDC45.

Eardrum

Eardrum (tympanic membrane): thin circular tissue about 1 cm wide separating outer and middle ear, vibrating to transmit sound to the ossicles. Three-layered, derived from all germ layers; about 80% of perforations heal spontaneously.

Earl Frieden

Earl Frieden is an American biochemist at Florida State University known for his 1963 Nature paper on product inhibition of enzymes and tadpole thyroid research.

Earl H. Wood

Earl H. Wood (1912–2009) was an American cardiovascular physiologist and physician-scientist at the Mayo Clinic who helped invent the G-suit and pioneered three-dimensional X-ray imaging of the heart.

Sep 20, 2026

Earl K. Miller

Earl K. Miller, also known as Earl Miller, is the Picower Professor of Neuroscience at MIT, known for recording single neurons in monkeys and for his synaptic theory of working memory.

Earl P. Benditt

Earl P. Benditt (1916–1996) was an American experimental pathologist who chaired pathology at the University of Washington from 1957 to 1981, known for the monoclonal hypothesis of atherosclerosis.

Earl P. Steinberg

Earl P. Steinberg is an American physician and health services researcher who spent twelve years on the Johns Hopkins faculty and later led Geisinger's startup xG Health Solutions.

Sep 20, 2026

Earl R. Stadtman

Earl R. Stadtman (1919–2008) was an American biochemist who spent 57 years at the National Institutes of Health, known for work on coenzyme A, glutamine synthetase regulation, and protein oxidation in aging.

Earl S. Ford

Earl S. Ford is an American epidemiologist at the CDC known for landmark metabolic syndrome estimates and a 2007 analysis explaining the decline in US coronary heart disease deaths.

Earl W. Davie

Earl W. Davie (1927–2020) was an American biochemist at the University of Washington who proposed the 1964 waterfall sequence model of blood coagulation and co-founded ZymoGenetics.

Earl W. Sutherland

Earl W. Sutherland Jr. (1915–1974) was an American pharmacologist who discovered cyclic AMP, the second messenger of hormone action, winning the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Earle M. Chapman

Earle M. Chapman was an American endocrinologist and physician at Massachusetts General Hospital who, as director of its Thyroid Unit from 1943, helped establish radioactive iodine as a definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism.

Earle W. Wilkins

Earle W. Wilkins (1919–2020) was an American thoracic and esophageal surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard faculty member, known for his 1968 review "Surgery of the Esophagus".

Earless seal

Earless seals (Phocidae, true seals): 18 pinniped species lacking external ear flaps, moving on land by belly-bouncing and swimming with hind flippers; descended from weasel-like ancestors, originating in the North Atlantic or Paratethys 19–14 million years ago.

Earliella

Earliella Murrill is a monotypic genus of Polyporales (Polyporaceae) bracket fungi whose single species, Earliella scabrosa, is pantropical, shows high haplotype diversity (Hd 0.88) across five geographic populations, and yields antifungal compounds active against rubberwood decay fungi.

EARLIER study

EARLIER (DR230226, NCT06235645), full title dEtection of rheumAtoid aRthritis - Interstitial Lung dIseasE by Thoracic ultRasound, is an observational University Hospital, Tours study validating thoracic ultrasound sensitivity and specificity against chest CT in 280 risk-factor-selected RA patients.

Earliest known life forms

Earliest known life forms: microscopic organisms recorded by ~3.5 Ga microfossils, stromatolites, and carbon isotopes, with disputed 3.7 Ga Greenland traces and a LUCA dated 4.33–4.09 Ga.