72,234 articles
Earlobe
Earlobe (lobule): the soft, cartilage-free lower part of the external ear made of fibrofatty tissue; pierced commonly, elongates with age, polygenic attached-versus-free attachment, site of Frank's sign.
Early age-related macular degeneration
Early age-related macular degeneration (early AMD, ICD-11 9B75.00, AREDS category 2) is the AMD stage defined by medium drusen 63–125 µm without pigmentary abnormalities, asymptomatic, low progression risk, no treatment.
Early Ambulation
Early ambulation (early mobilization, early mobility) is the practice of getting patients walking or out of bed sooner than usual, after surgery, in the ICU, after stroke, and after delivery; MeSH-defined since 1976, with trial evidence on weakness, length of stay, and function.
Early blight
Early blight, a fungal disease of tomato and potato caused by Alternaria solani and A. linariae (formerly A. tomatophila), marked by bull's-eye leaf lesions, defoliation, and yield losses managed mainly with fungicides.
EARLY BOT-SPAS trial
EARLY BOT-SPAS (NCT06811142) is an Early Phase 1 randomized trial by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mérida, Mexico, testing botulinum toxin type A within 12 weeks after first stroke plus rehabilitation versus rehabilitation alone in 200 adults, with MAS and Barthel Index outcomes.
Early congenital syphilis, latent
Early congenital syphilis, latent (ICD-11 1A60.2) is asymptomatic congenital syphilis of under 2 years' duration, detected only by repeatedly positive serology; managed with penicillin or close serologic follow-up.
Early congenital syphilis, symptomatic
Early congenital syphilis, symptomatic (ICD-11 1A60.0) is symptomatic Treponema pallidum infection acquired in utero, presenting in newborns up to age 2 with rash, rhinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone disease; treated with IV penicillin G for 10 days.
Early descriptions of archaeal taxa (1922–1989)
Early descriptions of archaeal taxa (1922–1989) covers the first formal descriptions of archaea, then classified as bacteria, before the 1977 discovery of a third domain of life.
Early Diagnosis
Early diagnosis: identifying a disease at an early stage, typically in symptomatic patients; distinct from screening of asymptomatic populations. Covers WHO's three-step pathway, lead-time, length, and overdiagnosis biases, and the 35-62% diagnostic gap.
Early European modern humans
Early European modern humans: Homo sapiens populations entering Europe by 45,000 years ago (Bacho Kiro, Zlatý kůň, Oase, Kent's Cavern), carrying elevated Neanderthal ancestry, most pioneer lineages leaving no descendants among later Europeans.
Early exfoliation of teeth
Early exfoliation of teeth (ICD-11 LA30.50), also called premature loss of primary teeth: shedding of baby teeth before age 5 or over 12 months early, usually from caries or trauma, but characteristically a sign of hypophosphatasia.
Early expansions of hominins out of Africa
Early expansions of hominins out of Africa (Out of Africa I): Homo erectus dispersals from about 1.8 Ma, evidenced by Dmanisi, Georgia (1.85–1.78 Ma), early European sites like Barranco León, and the later Homo sapiens dispersal about 50,000 years ago.
Early goal-directed therapy
Early goal-directed therapy is a six-hour sepsis protocol titrating fluids, vasopressors, transfusion, and dobutamine to targets, introduced in a 2001 trial but no longer recommended after later trials found no mortality benefit.
Early human development
Early human development: the field covering fetal, perinatal, and infant neurodevelopment, and the Elsevier journal Early Human Development (ISSN 0378-3782, founded 1977) publishing that research.
Early human migrations
Early human migrations: movements of Homo and Homo sapiens out of Africa, from Homo exits 2-1.8 million years ago (Dmanisi) to the main modern-human dispersal ~70-60 kya, reaching Australia ~60 kya and the Americas within 30,000 years.
Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE), formerly Ohtahara syndrome and early myoclonic encephalopathy, is a severe epilepsy syndrome with drug-resistant tonic or myoclonic seizures, burst-suppression EEG, and onset from birth to 3 months.
Early lymphoid progenitor
Early lymphoid progenitor (ELP), also called lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP), Cell Ontology CL:0000936: a bone marrow progenitor, Flt3-high LSK, giving rise to B, T, NK cells and dendritic cells while retaining myeloid potential.
Early modern human
Early modern human (anatomically modern human, Homo sapiens): our species from roughly the last 300,000 years, defined by a high forehead, chin, and ~1,300 cc brain; oldest fossils at Jebel Irhoud 315 ka; major out-of-Africa dispersal 60–50 ka with 1–2% Neanderthal DNA.
Early nodulin 40
Early nodulin 40 (ENOD40) is a legume gene, first found in soybean, induced within hours by rhizobia; a dual lncRNA and short-peptide gene essential for nodule initiation, also present in non-legumes.
Early repolarization syndrome
Early repolarisation syndrome: J-point elevation on ECG (inferior/lateral leads) with ventricular fibrillation without structural heart disease; common benign pattern, rare malignant channelopathy treated with ICD and quinidine.
Early spermatid
Early spermatid (round spermatid): first haploid germ cell of spermatogenesis, formed from a secondary spermatocyte; transcriptionally active before chromatin compaction; matures into spermatozoa; basis of ROSI fertility treatment.
Early Start Denver Model
The Early Start Denver Model is a play-based early intervention for children ages 12 to 48 months with autism, developed by Sally Rogers and Geraldine Dawson.
Early syphilis
Early syphilis (ICD-11 1A61) covers primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis from Treponema pallidum, the infectious first one to two years; treated with single-dose benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units.
Early warning score
An early warning score (EWS) is a bedside scoring method that turns routinely measured vital signs into one aggregate number used to trigger escalation of clinical care in acute illness.
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Early-onset (younger-onset) Alzheimer's disease is Alzheimer's beginning before age 65, about 5% of US cases. Familial forms come from APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 mutations; lecanemab and donanemab modestly slow early symptomatic disease.
Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease
Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (EOAD, EOFAD, ADAD): rare inherited Alzheimer disease with onset usually before 60, caused by fully penetrant PSEN1, APP, or PSEN2 mutations; under 1% of all AD cases.
Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia
Early-onset calcifying leukoencephalopathy-skeletal dysplasia, also called BANDDOS (OMIM 618476), is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive CSF1R-related disorder combining calcifying leukoencephalopathy, brain malformations, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis-Pyle spectrum skeletal dysplasia.
Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes
Early-onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes, also called EOCARR or Harding ataxia, is a rare inherited ataxia starting in childhood that resembles Friedreich ataxia but keeps brisk tendon reflexes.
Early-onset dementia
Early-onset (young-onset) dementia, YOD, is dementia with symptom onset before age 65, about 5-8% of cases, Alzheimer's disease only 34%, with long diagnostic delays and frequent psychiatric misdiagnosis.
Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia
Early-onset generalized limb-onset dystonia, also DYT1 or DYT-TOR1A or Oppenheim dystonia, a rare autosomal dominant dystonia from the TOR1A c.907_909delGAG deletion, starting in a limb in childhood and generalizing in 60-70% of cases.