72,234 articles
Elderly person
Elderly person: a human in later adult life, defined by age (UN 60+, most developed countries 65+). Covers definitions, demographics (1 billion aged 60+ in 2019), health, assessment, and policy.
Eldon John Gardner
Eldon John Gardner (1909–1989) was an American geneticist at Utah State University and the University of Utah whose 1951 study led to Gardner's syndrome being named for him.
Eldon Newcomb
Eldon H. Newcomb (1919–2022) was an American plant cell biologist and electron microscopist at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, known for characterizing plant microbodies and elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1988.
Ele Ferrannini
Ele Ferrannini (Eleuterio Ferrannini, 1948–2026) was an Italian physician-scientist at the University of Pisa known for quantitative research on insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and SGLT2 inhibition.
Eleanor A. Maguire
Eleanor Anne Maguire (1970–2025) was an Irish cognitive neuroscientist and professor at University College London whose London taxi driver studies showed the adult hippocampus changes structurally with navigational experience.
Eleanor J. Gibson
Eleanor J. Gibson was an American developmental psychologist at Cornell University known for the visual cliff experiment, perceptual learning theory, and research on how children learn to read.
Eleanor Longden
Eleanor Longden is a British research psychologist who recovered from a diagnosis of schizophrenia as a student, known for her 2013 TED talk on learning to listen to her voices.
ELEANOR trial
ELEANOR (NCT05438862) is a Czech-led randomized trial comparing early aortic valve surgery with watchful waiting in 217 asymptomatic severe aortic regurgitation patients at CMR-defined risk; distinct from a neratinib breast cancer study of the same name.
ELECBACK trial
ELECBACK (NCT02812459) was a Spanish randomized trial comparing back exercise plus electrical stimulation versus exercise plus Kinesio taping in chronic low back pain; both improved, with pain favoring electrical stimulation.
Eleclazine
Eleclazine (GS-6615), a Gilead sodium channel blocker selectively inhibiting cardiac late sodium current via Nav1.5 for LQT3 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; phase 3 trials ended with program termination in late 2016.
Elective Surgical Procedures
Elective surgical procedures: operations that can be postponed or omitted without danger to the patient, also called elective surgery. Includes cosmetic, contraceptive, cataract, hernia, and joint replacement procedures; distinct from urgent and emergency surgery.
Electric eel
Electric eel (Electrophorus), a South American freshwater knifefish, not a true eel; three species since 2019. E. voltai generates up to 860 volts, the strongest animal discharge, using three electric organs covering 80% of its body.
Electric fields in enzyme catalysis
Electric fields in enzyme catalysis are electrostatic fields inside enzyme active sites that stabilize reaction transition states, accelerating catalysis, as confirmed by vibrational Stark effect measurements.
Electric fish
Electric fish: fishes that generate external electric fields via electrocyte-based electric organs, evolved independently about six times. Weakly electric knifefish and elephantfish electrolocate and communicate; electric eels (Electrophorus, up to 860 V) stun prey.
Electric ray
Electric rays (Torpediniformes), about 60 species of batoid fishes, produce electric organ discharges up to 220 V to stun prey and repel sharks; fossils known only from Cenozoic deposits, notably Bolca.
Electrical cardiometry
Electrical cardiometry (EC) is a noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring method that estimates stroke volume and cardiac output continuously from changes in thoracic electrical impedance during the cardiac cycle.
Electrical cardioversion
Electrical cardioversion is a medical procedure delivering an electric shock synchronized to the heartbeat to restore normal rhythm in arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, differing from defibrillation.
Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, radiation-free imaging method that reconstructs the body's internal electrical conductivity from electrodes on the skin, giving real-time images of regional lung ventilation at the bedside.
Electrical injury
Electrical injury, also called electric shock injury or electrocution, is tissue damage from current passing through the body, mainly thermal; severity depends on voltage, AC or DC type, pathway, duration, and skin resistance, with burns, arrhythmias, and rhabdomyolysis.
Electrical muscle stimulation
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS, NMES): applying electric currents via electrodes to contract skeletal muscles for rehabilitation, muscle re-education, and atrophy prevention; conventional 20–40 Hz stimulation recruits motor units nonphysiologically, causing fatigue; FDA-regulated devices.
Electrical synapse
Electrical synapse (gap junction synapse): a neuron-to-neuron junction transmitting ionic current directly through connexin channels, mainly Cx36; fast, bidirectional, plastic, and about 20% of connections in C. elegans and rabbit retina circuits.
Electro-fermentation
Electro-fermentation is a bioproduction method that combines microbial fermentation with a polarized electrode interface, acting as electron donor, acceptor, or redox controller to change yield and products.
Electroacupuncture
Electroacupuncture is a treatment technique in which a small electrical current is passed between pairs of acupuncture needles inserted into the body, used in clinical medicine mainly for pain relief.
Electroanatomic mapping
Electroanatomic mapping is a cardiac electrophysiology technique that builds navigable 3D maps of electrical activity in the heart chambers to guide diagnosis and catheter ablation of arrhythmias.
Electroantennography
Electroantennography (EAG) is an electrophysiological technique recording the voltage an insect antenna generates in response to odor, introduced by Dietrich Schneider in 1957 and widely used in chemical ecology.
Electrocardiographic imaging
Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is a noninvasive mapping method that reconstructs the heart's electrical activity from body-surface ECGs and CT geometry, used to locate arrhythmias before ablation.
Electrocardiographic monitoring
Electrocardiographic monitoring is the continuous or intermittent recording of the heart's electrical activity over hours to years, using Holter monitors, patches, telemetry, and implanted devices.
Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) records the heart's electrical potentials at the body surface over time. Pioneered by Waller (1887) and Einthoven's string galvanometer (1901–1903, Nobel 1924), now a 12-lead standard with wearable variants.
Electrocardiography in myocardial infarction
Electrocardiography in myocardial infarction (ECG in heart attack): use of the 12-lead ECG, within 10 minutes of first contact, to detect STEMI via ST-elevation criteria, guide reperfusion, and extend with posterior and right-sided leads.
Electrocauterization
Electrocauterization is a surgical technique using electrically heated instruments to cut tissue and stop bleeding, used for small vessels, chronic nosebleeds, and removing skin growths.