72,234 articles
Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH, ETF:QO) is a 64-kDa inner mitochondrial membrane enzyme with FAD and a 4Fe-4S cluster that oxidizes ETF and reduces coenzyme Q10; ETFDH mutations cause about 93% of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
Electronarcosis
Electronarcosis (electric anesthesia, electrosleep): profound stupor or general anesthesia produced by passing electric current through the brain; pioneered by Leduc circa 1900, used as prolonged ECT in the 1940s, abandoned by 1950.
Electroneurography
Electroneurography (ENoG), also called electroneuronography, is a neurophysiological test that electrically stimulates a peripheral nerve and records the evoked muscle response to quantify nerve function.
Electroneuromyography
Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is a clinical neurophysiology method that combines nerve conduction studies and needle EMG in one session to diagnose disorders of the peripheral nerves and muscles.
Electronic brachytherapy
Electronic brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique that treats tumors with electrically generated low-energy X-rays from a miniature X-ray tube placed at or next to the treatment site.
Electronic health record
Electronic health record (EHR), also called electronic medical record: a digital collection of a patient's medical information. Developed from 1960s systems like COSTAR and VistA; key issues are interoperability standards (HL7, FHIR) and clinician documentation burden.
Electronic health record review
Electronic health record review is a data collection method in epidemiology and clinical research that extracts patient information from EHRs to study exposures, outcomes, and care patterns.
Electronic pest control
Electronic pest control: ultrasonic and electromagnetic devices claiming to repel rodents and insects. Regulated as EPA devices without efficacy review; FTC enforcement since 1985; controlled studies show habituation within 3-7 days and marginal effects.
Electronic prescribing
Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) is the electronic transmission of a structured medication order from prescriber to pharmacy, replacing paper prescriptions; in the US it became the dominant channel by 2013.
Electronic–vibrational resonance in photosynthetic energy transfer
Electronic–vibrational resonance (vibronic resonance) in photosynthetic energy transfer is the near matching of an exciton energy gap to a pigment vibration, producing mixed electronic–vibrational quantum states.
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography (ENG, electrooculography) is an electrode-based test recording eye movements via the corneo-retinal potential to evaluate vestibular and oculomotor nerves in dizziness; largely replaced by videonystagmography but still used when eyes-closed recording is needed.
Electrooculography
Electrooculography (EOG) is a non-invasive recording technique that tracks eye movements and tests retinal pigment epithelium function by measuring the eye's corneoretinal standing potential with skin electrodes.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay
The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), also called the band shift assay, is a gel technique that detects protein–nucleic acid binding, first reported by Garner and Revzin in 1981.
Electrophoretic separation
Electrophoretic separation is a bench technique that moves charged biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, or proteins through a gel under an electric field, sorting them chiefly by size.
Electrophysiological mapping
Electrophysiological mapping is a clinical technique recording electrical activity from many points on cardiac or cortical tissue, localizing abnormal conduction paths and seizure foci for treatment planning.
Electrophysiology recording
Electrophysiology recording is a laboratory technique that measures the electrical activity of living cells, such as neurons, using electrodes to detect membrane voltage or ionic currents.
Electrophysiology study
Electrophysiology study (EP study, invasive cardiac electrophysiology): catheter-based heart test recording electrical activity to locate arrhythmias, test drugs, map before ablation, and assess sudden cardiac death risk; 1-4 hours, mortality about 0.2%.
Electroporation
Electroporation: pulsed electric fields raise cell membrane permeability via nanoscale pores. Reversible forms deliver drugs and DNA (electrochemotherapy, gene electrotransfer); irreversible electroporation ablates tumors nonthermally.
Electroretinography
Electroretinography (ERG) is a non-invasive diagnostic test that records the retina's summed electrical response to light, with waveform components localizing dysfunction from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.
Electrostimulation
Electrostimulation is the clinical use of electrical currents on nerves or muscles to relieve pain, produce muscle contraction, restore lost function, or test nerve and muscle excitability.
Electrosurgery
Electrosurgery is the use of high-frequency alternating electric current to cut, coagulate, or destroy tissue during surgical and endoscopic procedures, used across general surgery, endoscopy, and dermatology.
Electrotherapy
Electrotherapy, also called electrical medicine or electrotherapeutics, is the therapeutic use of electrical current, from ancient electric-fish treatment and 19th-century galvanic and faradic devices to modern TENS, ECT, and deep brain stimulation.
Eleftheria Maratos–Flier
Eleftheria Maratos-Flier, also cited as E. Maratos-Flier, is a physician and neuroendocrinologist who spent most of her career at Harvard and Joslin, known for work on MCH and FGF21.
Eleftheria Zeggini
Eleftheria Zeggini is a Greek geneticist who directs the Institute of Translational Genomics at Helmholtz Munich and led genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis.
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Eleftherios Mylonakis is a Greek-born infectious diseases physician-scientist who chairs medicine at Houston Methodist Hospital, known for a 2001 review of infective endocarditis and synthetic retinoid antibiotics that kill MRSA persisters.
Eleftherios P. Mamounas
Eleftherios P. Mamounas is an American breast surgical oncologist at the AdventHealth Cancer Institute in Orlando who led the NSABP B-51 trial, reported in 2025, showing nodal irradiation can be omitted.
Elegia
Elegia is a genus of about 50 evergreen, reed-like flowering plants in the family Restionaceae, endemic to South Africa's Cape Provinces and a main component of fynbos vegetation.
Elemental diet
An elemental diet is a liquid nutrition regimen whose protein comes as free amino acids, requiring almost no digestion and used in Crohn's disease and eosinophilic disorders.
Elemental iron
Elemental iron (CAS 7439-89-6) is metallic iron used principally to make steel, with specialized uses in food fortification and as an EU-approved low-risk molluscicide active substance since May 2025.
Elena A. Levashina
Elena A. Levashina is a Russian-born immunologist who studies mosquito immunity to malaria and heads the Vector Biology Unit at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology.