72,234 articles
Emydura
Emydura, short-necked side-necked freshwater turtles (Chelidae) of Australia and New Guinea; type species Emydura macquarii; species include krefftii, subglobosa, tanybaraga, victoriae, australis; genetically conservative, taxonomically difficult genus.
Emys
Emys (European pond turtles) is a genus of emydid freshwater turtles with two living species, the wide-ranging Emys orbicularis and the Sicilian endemic Emys trinacris, described in 2005; its generic limits are debated.
Emys orbicularis
Emys orbicularis, the European pond turtle, is a Emydidae freshwater turtle from Europe, North Africa, and western Asia; IUCN Near Threatened (Europe), Vulnerable (EU27), seven subspecies, declining from habitat loss and invasive sliders.
En bloc resection
En bloc resection is the removal of an entire tumor in a single piece so margins can be fully examined, chiefly done by endoscopic submucosal dissection.
En bloc spondylectomy
En bloc spondylectomy is a spine oncology operation removing a tumor-bearing vertebra in one or two pieces with healthy-tissue margins, used mainly for chordomas and giant cell tumors.
Enalapril
Enalapril (Vasotec) is an orally active ACE inhibitor prodrug hydrolyzed to enalaprilat, approved in 1985 for hypertension, symptomatic heart failure, and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, with mortality benefit shown in CONSENSUS and SOLVD trials.
Enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat anhydrous is the active diacid metabolite of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor given only intravenously (1.25 mg per 6 hours) for hypertension when oral therapy is impractical; onset 15 minutes, half-life about 11 hours.
Enamel fracture
Enamel fracture (ICD-11 NA0D.01), a traumatic crown fracture with loss of tooth substance confined to enamel, sparing dentin and pulp; about 31.2% of crown fractures, normal pulp tests, restored by smoothing, composite, or fragment reattachment.
Enamel infraction
Enamel infraction, also called craze line, is an incomplete crack confined to tooth enamel without loss of tooth substance, not crossing the amelodentinal junction; asymptomatic, common with age, bruxism, trauma, and usually untreated.
Enamel Microabrasion
Enamel microabrasion is a conservative dental technique developed in the mid-1980s that removes superficial enamel stains, mainly fluorosis and white spot lesions, using hydrochloric acid abrasive slurries, removing 10–200 μm of outer enamel.
Enamel-dentin fracture
Enamel-dentin fracture (uncomplicated crown fracture, ICD-11 NA0D.02): traumatic tooth fracture confined to enamel and dentin without pulp exposure; treated by fragment reattachment or glass-ionomer/composite coverage per IADT 2020 guidelines.
Enamel-renal syndrome
Enamel-renal syndrome (ERS, OMIM 204690), also called amelogenesis imperfecta-nephrocalcinosis or MacGibbon syndrome, is an autosomal recessive FAM20A disorder combining hypoplastic enamel, failed tooth eruption, gingival fibromatosis, and nephrocalcinosis.
Enamelin
Enamelin (ENAM) is a secreted 186 kDa glycoprotein, one of three major enamel matrix proteins, essential for enamel crystal formation at the mineralization front; ENAM mutations cause autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta.
Enarodustat
Enarodustat (JTZ-951, brand Enaroy) is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor by Japan Tobacco for CKD anemia; approved in Japan (September 2020), South Korea, and China.
Enasidenib
Enasidenib (Idhifa, AG-221) is an oral first-in-class mutant IDH2 inhibitor approved in the US in 2017 for relapsed/refractory IDH2-mutant AML; it lowers 2-HG, induces differentiation, and carries a differentiation syndrome boxed warning.
Encainide
Encainide (MJ 9067), class IC sodium-channel-blocking antiarrhythmic developed in the 1970s; potent ventricular arrhythmia suppressant withdrawn after CAST showed increased post-infarction mortality.
Encaleret
Encaleret (CLTX-305, JTT-305) is an oral calcilytic, a negative allosteric modulator of the calcium-sensing receptor, developed by BridgeBio's Calcilytix for autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1, with positive Phase 3 CALIBRATE results, an FDA NDA filed, and Phase 3 testing in chronic hypoparathyroidism.
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), also called abdominal cocoon or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, is a rare fibrocollagenous encasement of the small intestine causing bowel obstruction, mainly after long-term peritoneal dialysis, with 25-55% adult mortality.
Encarsia formosa
Encarsia formosa, a 0.6 mm aphelinid parasitoid wasp, controls whiteflies such as Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses by oviposition and host feeding; used commercially since the 1920s, thelytokous via Wolbachia.
Encenicline
Encenicline (EVP-6124, MT-4666) is a discontinued selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist developed by Forum Pharmaceuticals for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease; Phase 2 trials were positive, but Phase 3 schizophrenia trials failed and FDA placed Alzheimer's trials on clinical hold over GI safety events.
Encephalartos
Encephalartos (bread trees), African-endemic cycad genus in Zamiaceae with 68 taxa, 85% threatened, dioecious cone-bearing plants pollinated by specialized insects; all species CITES Appendix I.
Encephalartos ferox
Encephalartos ferox, the holly-leafed cycad (Zamiaceae), native Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal; glossy spiny holly-like leaflets, bright red cones, dioecious, IUCN Near Threatened, CITES Appendix I, about 100,000 mature individuals.
Encephalartos horridus
Encephalartos horridus, the Eastern Cape blue cycad, is an Endangered South African cycad with intense blue foliage, a ~431 km2 range, under 5,000 mature plants, heavy poaching, and CITES Appendix I listing.
Encephalartos woodii
Encephalartos woodii, Wood's cycad, a South African cycad from Ngoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, extinct in the wild since 1916. Only one male plant was ever found in 1895; all cultivated specimens are male clones, and no female exists.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis, also called acute encephalitis syndrome, is inflammation of the brain, a serious condition caused by brain infection or autoimmune attack, producing altered consciousness, seizures, and focal neurological deficits.
Encephalitis lethargica
Encephalitis lethargica, or von Economo's disease, is a brain inflammation first described in Vienna in 1917 that caused a worldwide epidemic from about 1916 to 1927, leaving somnolence, ophthalmoplegia, and postencephalitic parkinsonism; its cause remains unknown.
Encephalitis Viruses
Encephalitis viruses, also called neurotropic or arboviral encephalitis viruses, include Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, equine encephalitis, and herpes simplex viruses that infect the brain, distinguished by vector, reservoir, and severity.
Encephalitozoon
Encephalitozoon is a genus of microsporidian fungi, intracellular parasites of mammals and birds; species E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis infect rabbits, birds, and humans via polar-tube-bearing spores.
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite of rabbits (genotypes ECI–ECIII) that also infects cats, dogs, and humans, causing neurological, ocular, renal, and disseminated disease; smallest known eukaryotic genome at 2.9 Mb.
Encephalization quotient
Encephalization quotient (EQ), Jerison's 1973 brain-size measure from Dubois' 1897 equation: actual brain mass divided by expected brain mass for body size. Humans score about 6; clade-specific equations and cognitive-prediction limits are key caveats.