72,234 articles
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL, Haberland syndrome) is a rare sporadic mosaic RASopathy caused by postzygotic FGFR1 or KRAS variants, featuring nevus psiloliparus, ocular choristomas, CNS lipomas, seizures, and low-grade glioma risk.
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is an indirect brain revascularization operation, introduced in 1981, in which a scalp artery is laid on the brain surface to treat moyamoya disease.
Encephalomyocarditis virus
Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), also called Mengo virus, is a rodent-borne Cardiovirus picornavirus with a ~7.8 kb positive-sense RNA genome. It causes sudden-death myocarditis in pigs and zoo animals; human infections are mild and rarely fatal.
Encephalomyocarditis virus infection
Encephalomyocarditis virus infection (EMCV, Cardiovirus, Picornaviridae) is a rodent-borne picornavirus disease of swine and zoo mammals causing sudden death from myocarditis; two serotypes, EMCV-1 and EMCV-2; zoonotic but rarely causes human disease.
Encephalopathy
Encephalopathy, also called acute or metabolic encephalopathy, is diffuse brain dysfunction from systemic causes such as sepsis, organ failure, toxins, or metabolic derangement; delirium is its clinical phenotype, and coma its severe end.
Encephalopathy due to ammonia
Encephalopathy due to ammonia (ICD-11 8D43.00, アンモニアによる脳症), or hyperammonemic encephalopathy: toxic brain dysfunction from elevated blood ammonia, causing astrocyte glutamine-driven cerebral edema; seen in hepatic encephalopathy, urea cycle disorders, drugs, and infections.
Encequidar
Encequidar (HM30181) is a minimally absorbed, gut-specific P-glycoprotein inhibitor by Hanmi/Athenex that enables oral paclitaxel (Oraxol); phase III in metastatic breast cancer showed higher response and less neuropathy than IV paclitaxel; not approved.
ENCHANTED trial
ENCHANTED (Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study) is an international 2x2 randomized stroke trial of low-dose vs standard-dose alteplase and intensive vs guideline blood pressure lowering; its successor ENCHANTED2/MT tested SBP targets after thrombectomy.
Enchondroma
Enchondroma: a benign cartilage tumor forming inside bone, most common in the hand's small bones and long bones; usually asymptomatic, found incidentally, IDH1/2 mutations, managed by observation or curettage, rarely becoming chondrosarcoma.
Enchytraeus buchholzi
Enchytraeus buchholzi (Grindal worm, Ver grindal) is a small pale enchytraeid potworm of worldwide soils, hermaphroditic and parthenogenetic, used in ecotoxicology and regeneration research and cultured as live fish food in the aquarium hobby.
Enclomiphene
Enclomiphene citrate (Androxal) is the trans isomer of clomiphene, a SERM that raises LH, FSH, and endogenous testosterone in secondary male hypogonadism while preserving sperm counts; it lacks FDA and EMA approval.
ENCODE
ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements), NHGRI-funded consortium launched 2003 mapping functional elements in human and mouse genomes; phases through ENCODE 4, 80.4% biochemical-activity claim, open data portal.
Encopresis
Encopresis (fecal incontinence, soiling) is involuntary stool passage in children past toilet-training age, usually overflow around constipation impaction; retentive vs non-retentive subtypes; treated with disimpaction, laxatives, and behavioral therapy.
Encorafenib
Encorafenib (Braftovi, LGX818) is an oral BRAF kinase inhibitor by Array BioPharma/Pfizer, approved 2018 with binimetinib for BRAF V600E/K melanoma and later for BRAF V600E colorectal cancer and NSCLC.
Encorafenib plus binimetinib
Encorafenib plus binimetinib is an oral targeted-therapy regimen combining a BRAF and a MEK inhibitor, approved in the United States in 2018 for BRAF V600-mutant melanoma.
Encrinus
Encrinus (Lamarck, 1801) is an extinct genus of stalked crinoids, type of Encrinidae, famous from the Middle Triassic Muschelkalk of Europe; its species E. liliiformis fed in clusters up to 1.5 m above the seafloor.
Encyclia
Encyclia, known as the butterfly orchid, is a genus of about 174 epiphytic orchids in subtribe Laeliinae, native from Florida and Mexico south to Brazil and Argentina.
Encyrtid parasitoids in biological control
Encyrtid parasitoids are minute wasps of the family Encyrtidae, with 456 genera and 3,826 species, that kill scale insects and mealybugs and are widely used in biological control.
Encyrtidae biology and host associations
Encyrtidae, encyrtid wasps, a large Chalcidoidea family of minute parasitoids (over 4,830 species, subfamilies Encyrtinae and Tetracneminae) attacking scale insects, mealybugs, Lepidoptera eggs, and ticks, and widely used in biological control, e.g. Anagyrus lopezi against cassava mealybug.
Encyrtidae systematics
Encyrtidae systematics covers the classification of Encyrtidae, a family of chalcidoid wasps founded in 1837, with about 3,300 species in two subfamilies whose monophyly recent molecular work challenges.
Encysted hydrocele
Encysted hydrocele (ICD-10 N43.0, ICD-11 GB00.0) is a non-communicating fluid cyst of the spermatic cord or tunica vaginalis from incomplete processus vaginalis closure; constant size, transilluminates, treated by excision.
End-of-life care
End-of-life care is support and medical care for people approaching death, spanning home, care home, hospital, and hospice settings. Also called terminal care within palliative care; key facts include WHO's 14% global palliative access estimate and US hospice serving 1.4 million Medicare patients in 2015.
End-plate potential
End-plate potential (EPP), the graded depolarization of skeletal muscle at the neuromuscular junction, produced by acetylcholine release; built from about 200 quantal units (MEPPs, first recorded by Fatt and Katz), triggers the muscle action potential unless reduced, as in myasthenia gravis.
End-to-side anastomosis
End-to-side anastomosis is a surgical technique that joins the end of one vessel or bowel segment to a window in the side of another, preserving distal blood flow.
Endal
Endal (13 December 1995 – 13 March 2009) was a yellow Labrador assistance dog of Gulf War veteran Allen Parton; among the first PDSA Gold Medal recipients (2002) and Dogs Today's "Dog of the Millennium".
Endangered species
Endangered species face high extinction risk; classified via the IUCN Red List's nine categories (49,505 of 175,909 assessed species threatened) and protected under laws like the 1973 US Endangered Species Act, with recovery plans, delisting criteria, and uneven funding.
Endarterectomy
Endarterectomy is an operation that removes atherosclerotic plaque from an artery's inner lining to restore blood flow, most often in the carotid artery to prevent stroke.
Endel Tulving
Endel Tulving (1927–2023) was an Estonian–Canadian cognitive neuroscientist at the University of Toronto who distinguished episodic from semantic memory and proposed the encoding specificity principle.
Endemic (epidemiology)
Endemic (epidemiology): a disease constantly present at a predictable baseline level in a geographic area or population, contrasted with epidemic and pandemic; coined by Hippocrates, distinct from the ecological meaning of endemic, with hyperendemic and sporadic as related levels.
Endemic non-venereal syphilis
Endemic non-venereal syphilis, or bejel, is a childhood treponematosis caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum, spread by non-sexual contact in arid Sahelian Africa and the Near East, and treated with penicillin.