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Equine anatomy
Equine anatomy: the bodily structure of the horse (Equus caballus), covering its 205-bone skeleton, single-toed unguligrade limbs, hypsodont teeth, hindgut fermentation, and large heart and lungs built for running.
Equine anesthesia and analgesia
Equine anesthesia and analgesia is the veterinary field covering anesthesia, sedation, and pain control in horses, whose anesthetic mortality of about 1% far exceeds that of dogs and cats.
Equine coat color
Equine coat color: horse pigmentation genetics. Base colors chestnut, bay, black from MC1R and ASIP; dilution genes cream (SLC45A2), dun, silver, champagne, pearl, mushroom; white patterns tobiano, overo, roan, gray; health links MCOA, lethal white overo.
Equine herpesvirus
Equine herpesviruses are DNA viruses that infect horses, chiefly EHV-1 and EHV-4, causing respiratory disease, abortion, and the sometimes fatal neurological syndrome equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy.
Equine infectious anaemia
Equine infectious anaemia (EIA, swamp fever) is a lifelong, bloodborne lentiviral infection of equids spread by biting flies and contaminated equipment. No treatment or vaccine exists; control relies on the Coggins serological test and quarantine or euthanasia of carriers.
Equine influenza
Equine influenza (EI), a highly contagious respiratory disease of horses and other equids caused by H3N8 (and formerly H7N7) influenza A viruses; notifiable to WOAH, with mean vaccine efficacy about 50% and annual vaccine strain review since 1995.
Equine intelligence
Equine intelligence: the learning, memory, problem-solving, and social cognition of the domestic horse (Equus caballus), including sensitivity to human cues, the Clever Hans effect, cognition-welfare links, and AI welfare monitoring.
Equine lymphangitis
Equine lymphangitis, also called big leg, is inflammation of a horse's limb lymphatic vessels, usually bacterial (Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ulcerative lymphangitis) or sporadic from immobility; treated with longterm antimicrobials and drainage.
Equine piroplasmosis
Equine piroplasmosis, a WOAH-listed tick-borne disease of horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras caused by Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and Theileria haneyi; lifelong carriers, no vaccine, global pooled prevalence near 30%.
Equine viral arteritis
Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is an infectious viral disease of horses and other equids, first identified in 1953, that causes abortions in mares and severe illness in foals.
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis, also equine rhinopneumonitis or "rhino," is a contagious respiratory disease of equids caused by herpesviruses EHV-1 and EHV-4; EHV-1 also causes abortion and the neurologic disease EHM and is WOAH-listed.
Equine-assisted therapy
Equine-assisted therapy, also called hippotherapy or equine-assisted psychotherapy, is treatment using horses by licensed therapists; the field's umbrella term is equine-assisted services (EAS), covering therapy, learning, and horsemanship.
Equisetaceae
Equisetaceae, the horsetail family, is a spore-bearing vascular plant family whose sole living genus Equisetum has 15 species in three subgenera, a Carboniferous fossil record, and a cosmopolitan distribution.
Equisetales
Equisetales, the horsetail order of ferns (Polypodiopsida, Equisetidae), dates to the Devonian; only Equisetaceae and the genus Equisetum survive, with mid-Paleogene crown age and Triassic fossil relatives.
Equisetum
Equisetum (horsetails) is a spore-producing vascular plant found globally (except Antarctica), distinguished by hollow aerial stems and nodes. It is the sole living genus of Sphenopsida.
Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense, field or common horsetail (Equiseti herba), a spore-bearing perennial of Equisetaceae native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with silica-rich jointed sterile stems, spring fertile cones, EU herbal monograph use, and weed status.
Equisetum palustre
Equisetum palustre, the marsh horsetail (French prêle des marais), is a poisonous perennial horsetail of temperate Northern Hemisphere wetlands, toxic to livestock through thiaminase and alkaloids.
Equivalence trial
An equivalence trial is a clinical trial designed to show a new treatment works about as well as an existing one within a predefined acceptable margin.
Equoidea
Equoidea is a perissodactyl superfamily comprising the horse family Equidae and the extinct European paleotheres (Palaeotheriidae), split from ceratomorphs by the early Eocene about 55 million years ago, with Hyracotherium now restricted to Europe.
Equol
Equol is a non-steroidal isoflavan produced by intestinal bacteria from the soy isoflavone daidzein in about 30% of adults, first isolated from pregnant mares' urine in 1932.
Equus
Equus is the sole surviving genus of the horse family, containing the living horses, zebras, and asses; it originated in North America and spread during the Pliocene.
Equus kiang
Equus kiang, the kiang or Tibetan wild ass (Tibetan: Kyang), the largest wild ass, native to the Tibetan Plateau at 2,700-5,400 m; IUCN Least Concern, 60,000-70,000 animals, about 90% in China.
Equus zebra
Equus zebra, the mountain zebra, is a large striped member of the horse family in mountainous southwestern Africa, with about 34,979 mature individuals and Vulnerable status.
ER export of PMA1 protein 1
Exp1 (Ydl121c), ER export of PMA1 protein 1, is a 17 kDa yeast integral membrane cargo receptor that binds Pma1 and packages it into COPII vesicles for ER-to-Golgi export, acting in parallel with Lst1.
ER membrane protein complex subunit 3
EMC3 (TMEM111) is the Oxa1-superfamily catalytic core subunit of the ER membrane protein complex, a conserved insertase-chaperone that inserts tail-anchored and multipass membrane proteins into the ER, with EMC6 as its obligate partner.
ER-bound oxygenase mpaB/B'
MpaB/MpaB' are genes of the mycophenolic acid cluster in Penicillium brevicompactum; MpaB' is an ER-localized oxygenase whose overexpression, with PbACOX323 and PbPex337, raised MPA yield 50% to 1.15 g/L.
Eradication of dracunculiasis
The eradication of dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) is a global health campaign led by The Carter Center, which cut cases from 3.5 million in 1986 to 10 in 2025.
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication of infectious diseases: permanent worldwide zero of a pathogen by deliberate effort. Smallpox only human success (1980); Guinea worm and polio campaigns ongoing; malaria, measles assessed.
Eradication of the Asian giant hornet in North America
The eradication of the Asian giant hornet in North America removed hornets detected in Washington and British Columbia between 2019 and 2021, declared eradicated in 2024.
Eran Elinav
Eran Elinav is an Israeli physician-scientist who studies how the gut microbiome interacts with the human body, heading the Department of Systems Immunology at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel.