72,234 articles
Epithelial cell of prostate
Epithelial cell of prostate (CL:0002231) is the Cell Ontology term for prostate gland epithelium, covering secretory luminal cells, basal cells, and neuroendocrine cells, their androgen regulation, and roles in prostate cancer and BPH.
Epithelial cell of thymus
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs), also called epithelial cells of thymus, are CD45-negative EpCAM-positive thymic stromal cells of endodermal origin; cTECs mediate positive selection and Aire+ mTECs drive negative selection and self-tolerance.
Epithelial cyst of spleen
Epithelial cyst of spleen (ICD-11 3B81.51), also called epidermoid or mesothelial splenic cyst: a rare primary true splenic cyst with an epithelial lining, about 10% of nonparasitic splenic cysts, usually incidental in children and young adults, treated by spleen-preserving surgery.
Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy
Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED, OMIM 122400), also called Dystrophia Smolandiensis or recurrent hereditary corneal erosions, is a rare autosomal dominant COL17A1 corneal dystrophy causing painful corneal erosions from childhood that lessen by the fourth decade.
Epithelial sodium channel
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), amiloride-sensitive heterotrimeric Na+ channel (αβγ or δβγ, SCNN1A-D genes) in tight epithelia; regulates blood pressure, kidney sodium reabsorption, and airway fluid; mutations cause Liddle syndrome and PHA1.
Epithelial transplantation
Epithelial transplantation is the transfer of limbal tissue or cultivated epithelial cell sheets onto the eye to restore the corneal surface in limbal stem cell deficiency.
Epithelial unjamming
Epithelial unjamming is the transition of a confluent epithelial cell layer from a jammed, solid-like state to a fluid-like, migratory one, discovered in compressed human bronchial epithelial cells and linked to asthma and cancer.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT): a cell process in which epithelial cells lose junctions and polarity and become migratory mesenchymal cells; TGF-β-induced, reversible, central to embryogenesis, fibrosis, and cancer metastasis and drug resistance.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an ultra-rare vascular sarcoma defined by WWTR1::CAMTA1 (>90%) or YAP1::TFE3 (~5-10%) gene fusions, treated mainly with surgery; no approved systemic therapy.
Epithelioid hemangioma
Epithelioid hemangioma, also called angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia or histiocytoid hemangioma, is a rare benign vascular tumor of head/neck skin and bone, driven by FOS or FOSB gene rearrangements and prone to recurrence after incomplete excision.
Epithelioid sarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma, a rare aggressive soft tissue cancer first named by Franz Enzinger in 1970, shows INI-1/SMARCB1 loss, classic and proximal subtypes, lymphatic spread, and surgery as mainstay treatment.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor is a rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, 1 to 2% of cases, that mimics cervical carcinoma and is treated mainly by hysterectomy.
Epithelium
Epithelium (epithelial tissue): sheet of cells covering body surfaces and lining cavities and glands, arising from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm; classified simple/stratified, squamous/cuboidal/columnar, with apical-basal polarity, tight junctions, and a basement membrane.
Epitoky
Epitoky: reproductive transformation of polychaete annelids, where the immature atoke becomes a swimming epitoke or produces stolons (Nereididae, Syllidae, Eunicidae), swarms at the surface, and spawns by body-wall rupture, often dying after.
Epitope
Epitope (antigenic determinant): the specific part of a molecule recognized and bound by an antibody or antigen receptor. B-cell epitopes are linear or conformational (about 90% conformational); T-cell epitopes are peptides presented by MHC molecules.
Epitope prediction
Epitope prediction, also called B cell epitope prediction, uses computational methods to identify which parts of an antigen are recognized by T cell receptors or antibodies.
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD), caused by EHDV, an Orbivirus of Sedoreoviridae, is a Culicoides midge-borne disease of cervids and bovids; seven serotypes, first isolated 1955, EHDV-8 reached Europe in 2022.
Epizootic lymphangitis
Epizootic lymphangitis (pseudofarcy, equine histoplasmosis): chronic contagious fungal disease of horses, mules, and donkeys caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum; endemic mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially Ethiopia; WOAH-listed.
Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), also called red spot disease or mycotic granulomatosis, is a WOAH-listed fish disease caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces invadans, first reported in Japan in 1971, affecting at least 94 finfish species across Asia, Australia, North America, and Africa, with ulcers, mycotic granulomas, and no available vaccine or treatment.
Epizootiology
Epizootiology: traditional term for epidemiology of animal (non-human) populations, from Greek zoo-; covers epizootics, epornitics, veterinary disease surveillance, productivity, and the five objectives of veterinary epidemiology.
Eplerenone
Eplerenone, sold as Inspra, is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that blocks aldosterone. Approved in 2002, it lowers blood pressure and improves survival after heart attack complicated by heart failure.
Epley maneuver
The Epley maneuver, also called the canalith repositioning procedure, is a sequence of timed head and body positions used to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Eplivanserin
Eplivanserin (SR-46349, Sliwens) is a selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist Sanofi developed for sleep-maintenance insomnia; its EU marketing application was withdrawn in December 2009 after CHMP concerns over small effect and diverticulitis risk.
Eplontersen
Eplontersen (Wainua, Wainzua) is a GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide silencing liver TTR mRNA, FDA-approved December 2023 at 45 mg monthly subcutaneously for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy; its ATTR-CM trial failed.
EPOCH chemotherapy regimen
EPOCH is a combination chemotherapy regimen of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin, with the natural-product drugs given by continuous infusion; it is used mainly for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and adding rituximab gives R-EPOCH.
Epoetin alfa
Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Eprex, Procrit) is a recombinant human erythropoietin, a 165 amino acid glycoprotein made in CHO cells, first FDA-approved in 1989 for renal anemia; later indicated for HIV, chemotherapy, and surgery anemia, with biosimilars from 2007 (EU) and 2018 (US Retacrit).
Epoetin beta
Epoetin beta (Recormon, NeoRecormon) is a recombinant human erythropoietin made in CHO cells, approved in Europe in 1990 by Boehringer Mannheim and reformulated by Roche in 1997, used for renal and cancer anemia; not US-approved.
Epoetin delta
Epoetin delta (Dynepo) was the only epoetin made in a human cell line (HT-1080), EU-approved 18 March 2002 for anemia of chronic renal failure in adults and withdrawn 17 March 2009 for commercial reasons.
Epoetin theta
Epoetin theta (Eporatio, Biopoin) is a CHO-cell recombinant human erythropoietin approved by EMA in 2009 for symptomatic anemia in adults with chronic renal failure or non-myeloid cancer on chemotherapy, dosed 20,000 IU weekly.
Epoetin zeta
Epoetin zeta (Retacrit, Silapo; US name epoetin alfa-epbx) is a biosimilar recombinant human erythropoietin made in CHO cells, EU-authorized 18 December 2007 against epoetin alfa (Eprex/Erypo) and FDA-approved 2018, used for renal, chemotherapy-related, and surgical anemia.