72,234 articles
Epigenome
The epigenome is the set of chemical modifications to DNA and DNA-associated proteins that alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence, and many marks are heritable when cells divide.
Epigenome editing
Epigenome editing, also known as epigenetic editing or epigenome engineering, is a genome engineering method that alters gene expression without making DNA breaks, first demonstrated in 2002.
Epigenomics
Epigenomics is the genome-wide study of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, aiming to map regulatory elements and understand disease mechanisms and cell types.
Epiglottis
The epiglottis, or epiglottic cartilage, is a leaf-shaped flap of elastic cartilage behind the tongue that folds over the windpipe during swallowing, its infection called epiglottitis.
Epiglottitis
Acute epiglottitis (supraglottitis): rapidly progressive bacterial infection of the epiglottis causing airway obstruction. Once mainly Hib in children, now mostly adult disease; treated with airway protection, ceftriaxone, steroids.
Epigonus telescopus
Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810), the black cardinal fish or telescope cardinal, is a deepwater cardinalfish (Epigonidae) of temperate Atlantic, Indian, and Southwest Pacific slopes, reaching 75 cm, living 104 years, at 75–1,305 m, IUCN Least Concern.
Epikeratophakia
Epikeratophakia (epikeratoplasty, onlay lamellar keratoplasty): historical refractive corneal surgery introduced by Kaufman, Werblin, and Klyce at LSU around 1980, in which a prelathed donor corneal lenticule is sutured onto the de-epithelialized cornea to correct aphakia, myopia, or keratoconus; now largely abandoned.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy, a chronic noncommunicable brain disorder also called a seizure disorder, is defined by recurrent unprovoked seizures. About 50 million people are affected worldwide; up to 70% could become seizure-free with antiseizure medicines, and surgery helps drug-resistant focal cases.
Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures
EIMFS, also called malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy, is a rare genetic epileptic encephalopathy with drug-resistant focal seizures migrating between hemispheres, onset before 6 months, KCNT1 mutations in many cases, and severe developmental impairment.
Epilepsy research
Epilepsy Research (Epilepsy Res., ISSN 0920-1211) is an Elsevier peer-reviewed journal, published in Amsterdam since 1987, covering basic, clinical, and translational epilepsy research across disciplines.
Epilepsy with auditory features
Epilepsy with auditory features (EAF), formerly ADLTE or ADPEAF, is a focal epilepsy syndrome with auditory seizures or receptive aphasia from lateral temporal onset, onset typically age 10-30, linked to LGI1 and other genes.
Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia
Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (EEM), formerly Jeavons syndrome, a rare childhood-onset genetic generalized reflex epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia, eye closure and light triggers, photosensitivity, female predominance, and frequent drug resistance.
Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone
Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (EGTCS, GTCA), formerly GTCS on awakening, is a genetic generalized epilepsy syndrome with tonic-clonic seizures as the only seizure type, onset at 5–40 years, and mandatory 3–5.5 Hz spike-wave on EEG.
Epilepsy with myoclonic absences
Epilepsy with myoclonic absences (EMA, ORPHA:86911, ICD-11 8A61.23) is a rare childhood-onset generalized epilepsy with rhythmic 3-Hz myoclonic absence seizures, male predominance, and variable prognosis.
Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures
Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures (EMAtS, Doose syndrome, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy) is a rare childhood epilepsy syndrome with myoclonic-atonic drop seizures, 2-6 Hz spike-wave EEG, male predominance, and remission in about two thirds of children.
Epilepsy-mild cortical malformation-oligodendroglial hyperplasia
MOGHE (mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy) is an ILAE-recognized cause of childhood drug-resistant epilepsy, defined by white-matter heterotopic neurons, Olig2-positive oligodendroglial hyperplasia, and somatic SLC35A2 variants.
Epileptic encephalopathies
Epileptic encephalopathies, now often termed developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), are severe epilepsies in which seizures and EEG epileptiform activity themselves worsen cognition and development; classic syndromes include West, Dravet, Ohtahara, and Lennox-Gastaut.
Epileptic encephalopathy with global cerebral demyelination
Epileptic encephalopathy with global cerebral demyelination, also called AGC1 deficiency or EIEE 39 (OMIM 612949), is a rare SLC25A12 mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier disorder causing infantile seizures, hypotonia, arrested development, cerebral hypomyelination, low NAA, treatable with ketogenic diet.
Epilobium
Epilobium (willowherbs), genus of Onagraceae published by Linnaeus in 1753; about 190-192 accepted species of erect perennial herbs, cosmopolitan except Antarctica, formerly including fireweeds (Chamaenerion) and Zauschneria.
Epimedium
Epimedium (barrenwort, bishop's hat, fairy wings) is a genus of about 62-67 perennial Berberidaceae herbs native from the Mediterranean to East Asia, grown as shade groundcover and used in Chinese medicine as Epimedii Herba.
Epinastine
Epinastine is a topical antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer, formulated as a 0.5% ophthalmic solution, developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for the prevention of allergic conjunctivitis itching.
Epinephelus analogus
Epinephelus analogus, the spotted grouper or spotted cabrilla (cabrilla pinta), is an eastern Pacific grouper from southern California to Peru and Galapagos, reaching 114 cm and 22.3 kg, feeding on crustaceans and fishes, IUCN Least Concern.
Epinephelus coioides
Epinephelus coioides, the orange-spotted grouper or estuary cod (Hamilton, 1822), is an Indo-West Pacific grouper of reefs and estuaries, a protogynous hermaphrodite reaching 120 cm, fished and farmed commercially, IUCN Least Concern globally but Vulnerable in the UAE.
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, the brown-marbled grouper (also flowery cod, tiger grouper), is a Vulnerable Indo-Pacific serranid reef fish reaching 120 cm, fished and widely used in hybrid grouper aquaculture.
Epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus malabaricus, the Malabar grouper, is a large Indo-Pacific grouper found from the Red Sea to Tonga and among the most important species in regional fisheries and aquaculture.
Epinephelus marginatus
Epinephelus marginatus, the dusky or yellowbelly grouper, is a large protogynous hermaphroditic reef fish of rocky bottoms from the Mediterranean to South Africa and Brazil; IUCN Vulnerable, landings down about 86% (1992-2016).
Epinephelus morio
Epinephelus morio, red grouper (Mero americano), a western Atlantic grouper from Massachusetts to Brazil; protogynous hermaphrodite, seafloor-excavating ecosystem engineer, IUCN Vulnerable, major Gulf of Mexico and Campeche Bank fishery species.
Epinephrine (medication)
Epinephrine (adrenaline), injectable nonselective alpha/beta adrenergic agonist for anaphylaxis, septic shock hypotension, and intraocular mydriasis; first hormone isolated (1901, Takamine) and synthesized (1904, Stolz).
Epinephrine autoinjector
Epinephrine autoinjector (adrenaline autoinjector, EAI, e.g. EpiPen): spring-loaded pen device giving fixed intramuscular epinephrine (0.3 mg adult, 0.15 mg child) for anaphylaxis; first FDA-approved 1987; needle depth and dosing limitations; needle-free nasal sprays emerging.
Epioblasma florentina
Epioblasma florentina, the yellow blossom pearly mussel, is a presumably extinct Unionidae freshwater mussel from the Tennessee and Cumberland drainages, last collected live in 1966 and delisted as extinct in 2023.