72,234 articles
Epiboly
Epiboly: conserved gastrulation movement in which a cell sheet or multilayer thins and spreads, e.g. the zebrafish blastoderm over the yolk via EVL, YSL, and radial intercalation, and mammalian epidermal spreading.
Epibulbar choristoma
Epibulbar choristoma (ICD-11 LA14.06): benign congenital growth of normal tissue in an abnormal site on the eye surface; types include dermoid, dermolipoma, complex, and the rare osseous choristoma containing bone.
EPIC trial
EPIC (Early Psychosis: Investigating Cognition), NCT07196423, is a University of Nottingham, Wellcome Trust-funded trial testing glutamate measured with fMRS as a working memory marker in psychosis and a predictor of tDCS response, 106 participants, 2026-2027.
Epicanthic fold
Epicanthic fold (epicanthal fold, epicanthus, plica palpebronasalis): a skin fold of the upper eyelid covering the eye's inner corner. Normal in East Asians (40–90%) and children; also seen in Down syndrome and BPES; corrected by epicanthoplasty.
Epicardial mapping
Epicardial mapping is a cardiac electrophysiology procedure that records electrical activity from the heart's outer surface to locate arrhythmia sources, guiding catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia.
Epichloe
Epichloë (anamorph Neotyphodium) is a genus of Clavicipitaceae fungi symbiotic with cool-season grasses, transmitted in seeds or as choke stromata, producing defensive alkaloids, some toxic to livestock, and commercialized in forage grasses.
Epicrates
Epicrates is a genus of non-venomous boas (family Boidae) established by Wagler in 1830, now restricted to five South and Central American rainbow boa species after West Indian species were moved to Chilabothrus.
Epicutaneous immunotherapy
Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) is a form of allergen immunotherapy in which allergen is applied daily through an adhesive skin patch, studied mainly for peanut and cow's milk allergy in children.
Epidemic
Epidemic: occurrence of disease cases clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region; from Greek epi (upon) and demos (people). Distinct from outbreak (localized) and pandemic (several countries or continents).
Epidemic model
An epidemic model is a mathematical or computational representation of how an infectious disease spreads through a population, used to predict transmission dynamics and evaluate control interventions such as vaccination.
Epidemic myalgia
Epidemic myalgia, or Bornholm disease, devil's grip, epidemic pleurodynia (myalgia epidemica), is a febrile enteroviral illness, usually coxsackievirus B, causing severe pleuritic chest pain; first described on Bornholm in 1930 by Sylvest.
Epidemic typhus
Epidemic typhus (louse-borne typhus), caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and spread by body lice, is a febrile disease treatable with doxycycline; Brill-Zinsser disease is its relapse form, distinct from murine and scrub typhus.
Epidemiological method
Epidemiological method: the systematic population-level approach of defining cases, counting and describing them by time, place, and person, calculating rates, and comparing groups; also called the epidemiologic approach, rooted in John Snow's 1854 cholera work.
Epidemiologists
Epidemiologists, or disease detectives, are public health professionals who investigate disease patterns, causes, and outbreaks in populations; typically MPH-trained, defined by the CDC/CSTE Applied Epidemiology Competencies, updated in 2023.
Epidemiology
Epidemiology, often called the basic science of public health, studies how diseases and their causes are distributed across populations; John Snow's 1854 cholera investigation is its founding model.
Epidemiology and history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
The epidemiology and history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia covers a cancer peaking at ages 1 to 4, transformed since 1948 from fatal to largely curable in children.
Epidemiology and risk factors of Hodgkin lymphoma
The epidemiology of Hodgkin lymphoma, a rare lymphatic cancer, features peaks in young adulthood and late life, with EBV, HIV, and family history as risk factors.
Epidemiology of endometriosis
The epidemiology of endometriosis describes how frequently the disease occurs, in whom, and which factors raise risk, with prevalence estimates contested between 1 and 10 percent.
Epidemiology of hemoglobinopathies
The epidemiology of hemoglobinopathies studies inherited hemoglobin disorders like sickle-cell disease and thalassemia, which about 5% of people carry and which malaria selection concentrated in the tropics.
Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS: global distribution, incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV infection and AIDS. 41.0 million people living with HIV in 2025, 1.2 million new infections, 570,000 deaths, concentrated in the WHO African Region and key populations.
Epidemiology of microsporidiosis
Epidemiology of microsporidiosis: distribution and burden of human microsporidia infections (Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp.), transmitted by water, fecal-oral, and zoonotic routes; 12% pooled prevalence in HIV/AIDS, 2–70% pre-ART, declining with antiretroviral therapy.
Epidemiology of orofacial clefts
The epidemiology of orofacial clefts studies how often cleft lip and cleft palate occur, roughly 1 in 700 live births, with rates varying by region and ancestry.
Epidemiology of schistosomiasis
The epidemiology of schistosomiasis covers the distribution of a parasitic disease endemic in 79 countries, with about nine in ten cases in Africa and the heaviest burden in Nigeria.
Epidemiology of stroke
The epidemiology of stroke is the study of how stroke is distributed across populations; in 2021 it caused 11.9 million new strokes and 7.3 million deaths.
Epidemiology of syphilis
Epidemiology of syphilis: distribution and trends of Treponema pallidum infection. WHO estimates 8 million adult cases in 2022; resurgence since 2000 among MSM, with congenital syphilis rising sharply in the US and Europe.
Epidendrum
Epidendrum (star orchids), Neotropical orchid genus named by Linnaeus in 1763; ~1900 described species (est. 2400), lip adnate to column, sister to Cattleya; reed-stem and pseudobulbous habits.
Epidendrum radicans
Epidendrum radicans (crucifix orchid, fire star orchid, ground-rooting epidendrum) is an orange-flowered terrestrial orchid native from Mexico to Colombia, distinguished from E. ibaguense by adventitious roots along its climbing stems; nectarless, butterfly-pollinated, widely cultivated.
Epidendrum secundum
Epidendrum secundum (thicket star orchid, lopsided star orchid) is a variable neotropical orchid from the Lesser Antilles to northern South America, center of the taxonomically debated E. secundum complex, pollinated by butterflies and parent of crucifix orchid hybrids.
Epidermal cell (cell of epidermis)
An epidermal cell is an epithelial cell of the skin's outermost layer, derived from the ectoderm; keratinocytes make up about 90% of the human epidermis.
Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), once called urogastrone, is a 53-amino-acid polypeptide that stimulates cell growth by binding the EGFR receptor, earning Stanley Cohen a 1986 Nobel Prize.