72,234 articles
Epipactis
Epipactis Zinn is a genus of terrestrial orchids (Orchidaceae) of temperate Eurasia, North America, and tropical Africa, with 59 accepted species, spurless nectar-cup lips, and speciation driven by allogamy-to-autogamy transitions.
Epipactis gigantea
Epipactis gigantea, the stream orchid or giant helleborine, is the only Epipactis native to the US and Canada, a wetland orchid from British Columbia to Mexico pollinated by honeydew-mimicking syrphid flies, ranked G4/least concern.
Epipactis helleborine
Epipactis helleborine, broad-leaved helleborine, is a Eurasian orchid native from NW Africa to China, naturalized in North America since 1879, pollinated by wasps and bees, with nectar containing over 100 compounds.
Epiphyllum
Epiphyllum (orchid cactus genus) is a genus of 10 accepted epiphytic cacti in tribe Hylocereeae, native Mexico to tropical America, with flattened leaf-like branches and mostly nocturnal white flowers; horticultural 'epiphyllum hybrids' are mostly Disocactus crosses.
Epiphyllum oxypetalum
Epiphyllum oxypetalum, the queen of the night, is a spineless epiphytic cactus native from Central Mexico to Nicaragua, with fragrant white night-blooming flowers that wither by morning; IUCN Least Concern, widely cultivated as a houseplant.
Epiphyseal arrest
Epiphyseal arrest (physeal arrest, growth plate arrest): premature stoppage of growth plate function before maturity, usually from a physeal bar after fracture, causing limb length discrepancy or angular deformity; treated by bar resection, epiphysiodesis, or guided growth.
Epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate (growth plate, physis): cartilage layer at long-bone ends driving longitudinal growth via resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones; closes in early twenties, leaving the epiphyseal line.
Epiphyseal stippling-osteoclastic hyperplasia syndrome
Epiphyseal stippling-osteoclastic hyperplasia syndrome (Pacman dysplasia, ORPHA:1952, OMIM 167220) is an extremely rare, presumably perinatally lethal autosomal recessive bone dysplasia with epiphyseal stippling, osteopenia, and osteoclastic hyperplasia; some authors consider it prenatal mucolipidosis II.
Epiphysiodesis
Epiphysiodesis is a surgical procedure that arrests or slows a growth plate in a child, used to correct limb-length discrepancy or angular deformity while growth remains, typically for predicted discrepancies of 2 to 5 cm.
Epiphysis
Epiphysis: the expanded, articular-cartilage-covered end of a long bone, formed from a secondary ossification center and separated from the metaphysis by the growth plate (physis) until fusion at skeletal maturity.
Epiphyte
Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant for support only, taking no nutrients or water from the host. Includes orchids, bromeliads, ferns, mosses, and lichens; about 10% of vascular plant species, threatened by climate change and deforestation.
Epiphytic ecology of Polypodiaceae
The epiphytic ecology of Polypodiaceae, the polypody family of over 1,600 fern species, covers canopy strategies: foliar water uptake, desiccation tolerance, humus collecting, and ant mutualisms in tropical forests.
Epiphytic ferns
Epiphytic ferns are ferns that grow rooted on the surface of another plant, making up roughly 10% of vascular epiphyte species worldwide, mostly in tropical forests.
Epiploic appendagitis
Epiploic appendagitis, inflammation of a colonic epiploic appendage from torsion or venous thrombosis, mimics diverticulitis and appendicitis; diagnosed by CT ring and dot signs, treated conservatively with NSAIDs.
Epipremnum aureum
Epipremnum aureum, known as golden pothos or devil's ivy, is a climbing vine in the arum family native to Mo'orea and grown widely as a houseplant.
Epiretinal membrane
Epiretinal membrane (macular pucker): fibrocellular sheet on the inner retinal surface, usually after posterior vitreous detachment, causing metamorphopsia; staged by Govetto OCT criteria, observed or treated by vitrectomy with membrane and ILM peeling.
Epiretinal membrane surgery
Epiretinal membrane surgery is a vitreoretinal procedure that peels a fibrous membrane off the macula to treat distortion and blurred vision, with about 80% of patients improving by at least two lines of visual acuity.
Episcleritis
Episcleritis, also called bulbar conjunctivitis, is a benign, self-limited inflammation of the episclera between conjunctiva and sclera, with simple and nodular forms, usually idiopathic, sometimes linked to rheumatoid arthritis or IBD, and distinguished from scleritis by phenylephrine blanching.
Episiotomy
An episiotomy, plural episiotomies, is a surgical incision of the vaginal opening and perineum made during childbirth to enlarge the opening and ease delivery of the baby's head.
Episode of Care
Episode of care: an interval of care by a provider or facility for a specific medical problem (MeSH D017050, 1992), also the defined service unit for bundled payment models such as BPCI, CJR, and TEAM.
Episodic ataxia type 1
Episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1), a rare autosomal dominant potassium channelopathy from KCNA1 (Kv1.1) mutations on 12p13, causes brief ataxia attacks with interictal myokymia, childhood onset, and carbamazepine-responsive episodes.
Episodic ataxia type 4
Episodic ataxia type 4 (EA4, PATX, periodic vestibulocerebellar ataxia; OMIM 606552) is a very rare autosomal dominant hereditary episodic ataxia with adult onset, attacks of vertigo, diplopia, and ataxia, unknown gene, no acetazolamide response, and no myokymia.
Episodic ataxia type 5
Episodic ataxia type 5 (EA5, OMIM 613855) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant channelopathy caused by CACNB4 mutations at 2q22-23, with adult-onset attacks of vertigo and ataxia lasting hours, allelic with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 6.
Episodic memory
Episodic memory is the memory system for personally experienced events, tied to the time and place they occurred. Endel Tulving defined it in 1972 as distinct from semantic memory.
Episodic unilateral mydriasis
Episodic anisocoria (ICD-11 8D8A.2), also benign episodic unilateral mydriasis, is transient recurring unequal pupil size from abnormal autonomic tone, typically in young women with migraine, benign and a diagnosis of exclusion.
Episodic vestibular syndrome
Episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS), ICD-11 AB31, is transient vertigo, dizziness, or unsteadiness lasting seconds to days with remission between episodes; main causes are vestibular migraine, Meniere's disease, BPPV, vestibular paroxysmia, and TIA.
Epistasis
Epistasis: gene interaction in which one gene masks or modifies another's expression, from Bateson's 1909 masking definition and Fisher's 1918 statistical epistacy to modern biological versus statistical epistasis, GWAS detection, and missing heritability.
Episyrphus balteatus
Episyrphus balteatus, the marmalade hoverfly (marmalade fly), is a migratory European, Asian, and African syrphid whose larvae eat over 100 aphid species; it is the only hoverfly among the top 25 commercial biocontrol agents and also pollinates crops.
Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), also called map-dot-fingerprint or Cogan microcystic dystrophy, is a common bilateral anterior corneal dystrophy causing map, dot, and fingerprint lines, reduced vision, and recurrent corneal erosions in about 10% of patients.
Epithelial cell
An epithelial cell is a cell forming an epithelium, a continuous sheet of tightly connected, polarized cells that covers body surfaces, lines organs, and forms glands.