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Fast protein liquid chromatography
Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a preparative liquid chromatography method that separates proteins and other biomolecules in aqueous buffers, introduced by Pharmacia in 1982.
Fast spin echo
Fast spin echo (FSE), also called turbo spin echo (TSE), is an MRI pulse sequence, based on the 1986 RARE technique, that is the workhorse for T2-weighted clinical MRI.
FAST study
FAST study (French Prospective Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Cohort Study, NCT02511158): a single-center prospective Paris cohort begun 2012 following knee ligament reconstruction patients for re-tear, function, and 20-year osteoarthritis outcomes.
FAST-MAG trial
FAST-MAG (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy–Magnesium) was a NINDS-funded phase 3 trial (2005–2013, 1,700 patients, Los Angeles and Orange counties) testing paramedic-initiated magnesium sulfate within 2 hours of stroke onset; safe and fast but no 90-day disability benefit.
FAST-MI 2010 study
FAST-MI 2010 was a nationwide French registry of 4169 heart attack patients in 213 centers, conducted by the French Society of Cardiology and followed for up to 10 years.
FAST-PETase
FAST-PETase is an engineered variant of the PET-degrading enzyme PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis, designed in 2020 to break down PET plastic faster at higher temperatures.
FASTA format
FASTA format is a plain-text format for DNA and protein sequences, with each record starting with a ">" header line followed by the sequence itself.
Fasting
Fasting is abstinence from food or drink for religious, ethical, or health purposes; intermittent fasting forms include ADF, 5:2, and time-restricted eating, which trials show is roughly equal to calorie restriction for weight loss.
FASTKD2
FASTKD2 (FAST kinase domain-containing protein 2, mitochondrial) is a mitochondrial matrix RNA-binding protein binding 16S rRNA and MT-ND6, required for mitoribosome assembly; biallelic mutations cause COXPD44 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.
Fastone Mathew Goma
Fastone Mathew Goma is a Zambian physician-scientist and cardiologist at the University of Zambia known for tobacco control research and cardiovascular epidemiology, including the ITC Zambia surveys.
FASTQ format
FASTQ is the standard text format for raw sequencing reads, storing each read as four lines: identifier, bases, a + separator, and ASCII Phred quality scores, with Sanger (offset 33) and Illumina variants.
Fat
Fat (dietary fat): macronutrient of triglycerides supplying 9 kcal/g; essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic; types saturated, unsaturated, trans; WHO limits under 10% saturated and 1% trans fat energy.
Fat body cell
Fat body cell: the principal cell (trophocyte) of the insect fat body, an adipose- and liver-like tissue storing lipids, glycogen, and proteins, mediating immunity and detoxification, and signaling to the brain; distinct from mammalian adipocytes.
Fat distillation residues
Fat distillation residues are the non-distillable fatty by-product of industrial fat and oil splitting, an EU low-risk pesticide active substance (CIPAC 915) used as an odour-based game repellent paste protecting tree seedlings, approved 2023 to 2038 with a nickel limit of 0.1 g/kg.
Fat embolism syndrome
Fat embolism syndrome (FES): fat globules entering the circulation after long-bone fractures, orthopedic surgery, or cosmetic fat procedures, causing the triad of hypoxia, neurological dysfunction, and petechial rash 24–72 hours after injury; diagnosis by Gurd criteria, supportive care.
Fat hypertrophy
Fat hypertrophy (ICD-11 EF02.0, insulin-induced lipohypertrophy) is focal enlargement of subcutaneous fat from enlarged adipocytes, caused by repeated insulin injections, corticosteroids, or antiretrovirals, and impairing insulin absorption.
Fat necrosis of breast
Fat necrosis of the breast, also called breast fat necrosis, is a benign inflammatory process of breast fat caused by trauma, surgery, biopsy, or radiation that mimics breast cancer on exam and imaging; diagnosed mainly by mammography, it carries no increased cancer risk.
Fat pad sign
Fat pad sign (sail sign): radiographic displacement of the elbow's intracapsular anterior and posterior fat pads by joint effusion, indicating occult fracture after trauma; posterior pad visibility is always abnormal.
Fat-Restricted Diet
A fat-restricted diet is an eating pattern limiting fat to under 30% of daily calories, with saturated fat under 10%, used in obesity care and for pancreatitis.
FAT1
FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1), human gene at 4q35.2 encoding a 34-cadherin-repeat transmembrane protein; regulates Wnt, Hippo, MAPK signaling; mutated in cancer and recessive nephropathy.
Fatal dog attacks
Fatal dog attacks (dog bite-related fatalities, DBRFs): deaths from acute trauma in dog attacks. US averages 17-18/year 1979-94, rising post-2020; 80.5% of 2000-2009 cases had four or more co-occurring preventable factors; breed identification often unreliable.
Fatal familial insomnia
Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare inherited prion disease caused by a PRNP gene mutation, producing untreatable insomnia, autonomic failure, and death within about one to two years.
Fatal infantile cytochrome C oxidase deficiency
Fatal infantile cytochrome C oxidase deficiency, or fatal infantile COX deficiency, is a very rare mitochondrial disease in which defective complex IV causes fatal cardioencephalomyopathy in infancy.
Fatal insomnia
Fatal insomnia, fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and sporadic fatal insomnia, fatal thalamic prion disease destroying sleep, caused by PRNP D178N with Met129 in the familial form; death within about a year, no approved treatment.
FATC domain
FATC domain (FAT C-terminal domain, InterPro IPR003152, Pfam PF02260): a conserved ~35-residue C-terminal domain of PIKK kinases such as TOR, ATM, and ATR, essential for kinase activity, redox-sensitive, and membrane-binding.
FATCO syndrome
FATCO syndrome (Hecht-Scott syndrome, OMIM 246570) is a rare congenital limb malformation defined by fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly; about 43 cases reported, genetic cause unidentified, distinguished from Fuhrmann and FFU syndromes by normal femora and radii.
Fate mapping
Fate mapping is a set of developmental biology techniques that tracks the progeny of embryonic cells to determine which tissues and structures each lineage contributes to.
Fatigue
Fatigue: lack of energy and reduced physical or mental capacity, distinct from sleepiness (tendency to fall asleep). Classified as secondary, physiologic, or chronic; measured mainly by rating scales; treated with exercise, sleep hygiene, and cause-directed care.
Fatigue fracture of vertebra
Fatigue fracture of vertebra (ICD-11 FA72.3) is a stress fracture of spinal bone from repetitive submaximal load on normal bone, chiefly affecting the pars interarticularis, pedicle, and sacrum in athletes; distinct from osteoporotic insufficiency fractures.
Fatih M. Uckun
Fatih M. Uckun (Fatih Mehmet Uçkun) is a physician-scientist in hematology, oncology, and immunology whose targeted biotherapy research used the CD19 antigen against B-lineage leukemia.