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Ferns of Polynesia and Micronesia
The ferns of Polynesia and Micronesia are the fern and lycophyte floras of scattered tropical Pacific islands, built almost entirely by long-distance spore dispersal from distant continents.
Ferns of Taiwan
Ferns of Taiwan (臺灣蕨類): the island's pteridophyte flora of 824 taxa per the 2019 TPG checklist, one of the world's five richest insular fern floras, East Asiatic in affinity, with 43% in the warm-temperate zone.
Ferns of the Caribbean islands
The ferns of the Caribbean islands are the spore-bearing vascular plants of the Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Bahamas, and Trinidad, with high endemism and specialized tree ferns.
Ferns of the Indian subcontinent
The ferns of the Indian subcontinent are the roughly 1,000–1,300 fern species native to India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan, concentrated in the Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats.
Ferns of the Mediterranean, Iberia and Macaronesia
The ferns of the Mediterranean, Iberia and Macaronesia form the fern flora of southern Europe and its Atlantic islands, with 128 Iberian taxa and Macaronesian laurel-forest endemics like Davallia canariensis.
Ferns of the northern Andes and northern South America
The ferns of the northern Andes and northern South America span Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, and the Guianas, with Colombia alone holding 1,633 fern and lycophyte species.
Ferns of the Southern Cone
The Ferns of the Southern Cone is the pteridophyte flora of countries like Argentina and Chile. It covers roughly 890 species, with 172 of them endemic.
Ferns of Western and Central Europe
The ferns of Western and Central Europe, spanning France to Austria, hold about 194 native fern and lycophyte species, richest in mountain regions like the Alps.
Ferocactus
Ferocactus (barrel cactus), genus of ribbed barrel-shaped cacti in Cactaceae established by Britton & Rose in 1922; 28 species native to the southwestern and south-central United States and Mexico, CITES Appendix II.
Feroz R. Papa
Feroz R. Papa is an American physician-scientist and Professor of Medicine at UCSF who studies how protein unfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum causes disease, developing IRE1α-targeting drugs for diabetes and fibrosis.
Ferredoxin
Ferredoxin (Fd) is a small iron-sulfur protein that shuttles single electrons in photosynthesis, steroid synthesis, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation; types include [2Fe-2S] plant-type, adrenodoxin, and [4Fe-4S] bacterial ferredoxins.
Ferredoxin—NADP(+) reductase
Ferredoxin—NADP(+) reductase (FNR, EC 1.18.1.2) is a flavoenzyme with FAD and a Rossmann fold that transfers electrons from photosystem I-reduced ferredoxin to NADP+, making NADPH for CO2 fixation; discovered 1956 in pea chloroplasts.
Ferredoxin, C-terminal
Ferredoxin, C-terminal: the carboxy-terminal region of ferredoxin iron-sulfur proteins. In vertebrate-type ferredoxins (adrenodoxin, putidaredoxin) it is a structured interaction domain; in plants, FdC1/FdC2 C-terminal extensions affect photosystem I electron transfer.
Ferret
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo), domesticated form of the European polecat, family Mustelidae; a pet, hunting, and laboratory animal kept over 2,000 years, living 6-10 years, distinct from the wild black-footed ferret.
Ferric C. Fang
Ferric C. Fang is an American physician and microbiologist, professor at the University of Washington since 2001 and director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle.
Ferric carboxymaltose
Ferric carboxymaltose (Injectafer, Ferinject) is an intravenous iron(III)-hydroxide carbohydrate complex approved in 2013 for iron deficiency anemia; notable for single high-dose dosing and FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia risk, now under an FDA boxed warning.
Ferric derisomaltose
Ferric derisomaltose (iron isomaltoside 1000; Monoferric, Monofer) is an intravenous iron-carbohydrate complex for iron deficiency anemia, approved in Europe 2009 and the US in 2020, with low hypophosphatemia versus ferric carboxymaltose.
Ferric maltol
Ferric maltol (Feraccru, Accrufer) is an oral ferric iron-trimaltol complex for iron deficiency with or without anemia, approved in Europe and the US, dosed 30 mg twice daily, with gastrointestinal tolerability better than ferrous salts.
Ferric phosphate
Ferric phosphate (iron phosphate, FePO4) is an iron salt used as a molluscicide active ingredient in slug and snail baits such as Sluggo, registered in the US since 1997 and EU-approved as a low-risk substance to 2030; it kills by stomach poisoning within about a week and is safer than metaldehyde around pets and wildlife.
Ferric pyrophosphate
Ferric pyrophosphate (iron(III) diphosphate, Fe4(P2O7)3·xH2O, CAS 10058-44-3) is a water-insoluble iron salt used as a food iron fortificant, parenteral iron drug (ferric pyrophosphate citrate, FDA 2015), and EU low-risk molluscicide (2020/1018).
Ferric-uptake regulator
Ferric uptake regulator (Fur), bacterial Fe2+-sensing transcription factor and FUR superfamily founder; represses iron uptake genes at the Fur box, regulates 100+ E. coli genes, paralogs Zur, PerR, Mur, Nur, Irr.
Ferriman–Gallwey score
The Ferriman–Gallwey score is a clinical scoring system that grades hair growth in nine androgen-sensitive body areas, quantifying hirsutism in women, mainly in PCOS diagnosis.
Ferritin
Ferritin: conserved 24-subunit iron storage protein, discovered 1937 by Laufberger; stores iron in a nontoxic ferric mineral core; serum ferritin is the standard clinical marker of body iron stores, adjusted for inflammation.
Ferritin nanocage drug delivery
Ferritin nanocage drug delivery uses ferritin, a hollow iron-storage protein that self-assembles into a 12 nm cage, to carry drugs, imaging agents, and therapeutic proteins into tumor cells.
Ferro-cerebro-cutaneous syndrome
Ferro-cerebro-cutaneous syndrome, also known as neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and hemochromatosis, is a rare X-linked condition caused by PIGA gene mutations, with seizures, skin abnormalities, and body-wide iron overload beginning in infancy.
Ferrochelatase
Ferrochelatase (heme synthetase, EC 4.99.1.1, FECH gene) is the terminal mitochondrial enzyme of heme biosynthesis, inserting ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX; deficiency causes erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Ferroglobus
Ferroglobus, a genus of hyperthermophilic iron-metabolizing archaea in the Archaeoglobaceae; type species F. placidus from Vulcano, Italy, grows at 65–95°C, oxidizes Fe2+, acetate, and aromatics, and does not reduce sulfate.
Ferroplasma
Ferroplasma is a genus of cell wall-lacking, iron-oxidizing archaea (Thermoplasmatales) from acid mine drainage at pH 0–2; type species F. acidiphilum, with 86% iron-metalloproteins.
Ferroportin
Ferroportin-1 (FPN, SLC40A1, IREG1, MTP1) is the only known mammalian cellular iron exporter, regulated by hepcidin, with two metal-binding sites; mutations cause hemochromatosis type 4.
Ferroportin disease
Ferroportin disease, also called hemochromatosis type 4, is an autosomal dominant iron overload disorder from SLC40A1 mutations, causing iron buildup in macrophages with high ferritin.