72,234 articles
Ferrous bisglycinate
Ferrous bisglycinate (ferrous bis-glycine chelate, FeBC), an iron(II)-glycine amino acid chelate supplement and fortificant; GRAS (GRN 19, 1999); higher bioavailability and fewer GI side effects than iron salts, though clinical superiority is unproven.
Ferruginol
Ferruginol is a phenolic abietane diterpenoid with formula C20H30O, first isolated in 1939 from miro resin, characteristic of cypress-family heartwood and studied for antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities.
Ferry endosomal RAB5 effector complex subunit 3
FERRY3 (C12orf4, Fy-3) is a 552-amino-acid human protein on chromosome 12p13.32, a subunit of the five-subunit FERRY Rab5 effector complex that binds mRNA on early endosomes; its disruption is implicated in autosomal recessive intellectual disability.
Fertigation
Fertigation is the application of dissolved fertilizers through irrigation water, so nutrient supply is controlled together with watering, most common in high-value horticultural and fruit crops.
Fertilisation
Fertilisation, the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote, involves acrosome reaction, zona pellucida binding, calcium-triggered egg activation, and polyspermy blocks; discovered by Hertwig in 1876 and applied clinically through IVF since 1978.
Fertility
Fertility: the capacity to produce offspring, distinct from fecundity and fecundability; covers human conception probabilities, age-related decline, infertility (1 in 6 adults), IVF success and costs, global TFR of 2.2 in 2024, and sperm-count decline disputes.
Fertility awareness
Fertility awareness (natural family planning, periodic abstinence): identifying fertile days via cervical mucus, basal body temperature, or cycle tracking to achieve or avoid pregnancy; typical-use failure rates 2-23%, no STI protection.
Fertility Preservation
Fertility preservation (oncofertility) covers embryo, oocyte, sperm, and ovarian or testicular tissue cryopreservation before gonadotoxic cancer therapy or other fertility-threatening treatments; established versus experimental methods, counseling timing, and US insurance coverage distinguish it.
Fertilization in ferns
Fertilization in ferns is the fusion of a free-swimming, multi-flagellate spermatozoid with an egg inside an archegonium on the gametophyte, requiring a film of external water.
Fertilization-influencing membrane protein
Fertilization-influencing membrane protein (FIMP), from mouse gene 4930451I11Rik and human C16ORF92/FIMP1, is a testis-specific sperm transmembrane protein required for sperm–oocyte fusion, acting with TMEM95 and distinct from the dark-matter FIMP acronym.
Fertilizer
Fertilizer: material supplying plant nutrients, chiefly N, P, and K. Synthetic nitrogen comes from the Haber-Bosch process (1913), about 450 million tonnes yearly, feeding roughly half the world population but tied to natural gas and eutrophication.
Ferula
Ferula, giant fennels, Apiaceae genus of about 230 species from Macaronesia to the Himalaya; source of asafoetida (F. assa-foetida), galbanum (F. gummosa), and the putative silphium F. drudeana.
Ferula gummosa
Ferula gummosa (galbanum; Persian Barijeh) is a monocarpic perennial Apiaceae herb native to northern and central Iran and possibly Turkmenistan, the main source of the oleo-gum-resin galbanum used in perfumery, flavoring, and traditional medicine.
Ferulic acid
Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), a hydroxycinnamic acid phenolic compound esterified to grass cell-wall arabinoxylans and lignin; abundant antioxidant in maize bran (3.1% w/w) used in food preservation and vitamin C/E skincare serums.
Ferumoxytol
Ferumoxytol, sold as Feraheme, is an intravenous iron replacement drug approved in the United States in 2009 for iron deficiency anemia in adults, especially with chronic kidney disease.
Fervicoccales
Fervicoccales, formally Fervidicoccales, is an order of extremely thermophilic, anaerobic archaea described in 2010, containing one species, Fervidicoccus fontis, isolated from hot springs in the Uzon caldera, Kamchatka.
Fesoterodine
Fesoterodine, sold as Toviaz and as generics, is an antimuscarinic prodrug taken as a once-daily extended-release tablet for overactive bladder symptoms; its active metabolite is shared with tolterodine.
Festuca
Festuca (fescue) is a large genus of temperate Poaceae grasses with 621 accepted species, including turf fine fescues (Festuca rubra, F. ovina, F. brevipila) and forage tall fescue; molecular studies show it is paraphyletic with Lolium and Vulpia nested within.
Festuca arundinacea
Festuca arundinacea, tall fescue, also Schedonorus arundinaceus or Lolium arundinaceum, is a tufted perennial European grass grown worldwide for forage and turf, hosting the Epichloë coenophialum endophyte.
Festuca ovina
Festuca ovina, sheep fescue (sheep's fescue), a tufted Eurasian cool-season fine fescue grass used for low-input turf and erosion control; tetraploid (2n=28), drought-tolerant, poor forage for cattle.
Festuca pratensis
Festuca pratensis, meadow fescue (Lolium pratense, Schedonorus pratensis), a European perennial forage grass of Poaceae; tufted, 30-120 cm culms, mid-early flowering, palatable non-toxic-endophyte forage and Festulolium hybrid parent.
Festuca rubra
Festuca rubra, red fescue or creeping red fescue, is a perennial cool-season grass (Poaceae) native from subarctic and temperate Northern Hemisphere to Mexico, used for turf, forage, and erosion control, with many subspecies.
Fetal acetylcholine receptor antibody-related disorder
FARAD, fetal acetylcholine receptor antibody-related disorder, also called FARIS: maternal anti-fetal-AChR antibodies cross the placenta, causing arthrogryposis to persistent myopathy; preventable with pregnancy immunotherapy, salbutamol helps survivors.
Fetal akinesia deformation sequence
Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS, Pena-Shokeir phenotype/syndrome type I): heterogeneous pattern of fetal akinesia, arthrogryposis, growth retardation, lung hypoplasia, and facial anomalies from any cause of absent fetal movement.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), also called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), is an umbrella term for lifelong conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, including fetal alcohol syndrome, pFAS, ARND, ARBD, and ND-PAE; preventable, with global prevalence about 0.77%.
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), also called syndrome alcoolique foetal, is the most severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a teratogenic malformation syndrome from maternal drinking in pregnancy, marked by growth deficiency, three facial anomalies, and CNS impairment.
Fetal blood loss
Fetal blood loss (ICD-11 KA80, 胎児失血) is loss of blood from the fetal circulation during pregnancy, labour, or delivery, including fetomaternal hemorrhage, vasa praevia, ruptured cord, and co-twin hemorrhage, causing fetal anemia or death.
Fetal bovine serum
Fetal bovine serum (FBS), also called fetal calf serum (FCS), is blood serum from bovine fetuses, used since the late 1950s as a growth supplement in cell culture media.
Fetal carbamazepine syndrome
Fetal carbamazepine syndrome, a drug embryofetopathy from prenatal carbamazepine exposure: facial dysmorphism, nail hypoplasia, spina bifida, cardiac and cleft anomalies, dose-dependent malformation risk.
Fetal cardiomyocyte
Fetal cardiomyocyte (CL:0002495; embryonic or neonatal cardiomyocyte): a proliferating, mononucleated heart muscle cell not yet terminally differentiated; it builds the fetal heart by hyperplasia before maturing via binucleation, isoform switching, and oxidative metabolism.