286 articles
Jombolok
Jombolok, also written Jom-Bolok or Zhom-Bolok, is a Holocene basaltic volcanic field in the East Sayan Mountains of Siberia, Russia, whose youngest flows erupted around 737 CE, among Central Asia's most recent eruptions.
Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount
Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount, formerly Lōʻihi Seamount, is an active submarine shield volcano 30 km south of the Island of Hawaiʻi, the youngest in the Hawaiian–Emperor chain.
Kamen
Kamen (Kamchatka volcano), a dormant 4,585 m stratovolcano in the Klyuchevskaya group between Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Ploskie Sopky; late Pleistocene edifice, no Holocene eruptions, eastern sector collapse 1,200-1,300 years ago.
Kanlaon
Kanlaon, also spelled Canlaon, is an active andesitic stratovolcano on Negros Island in the central Philippines, the island's highest point at 2,422 m, in eruption since 2024.
Karkar (volcano)
Karkar volcano, Papua New Guinea: forest-covered 19 x 25 km island stratovolcano, 1,839 m, in the Bismarck Volcanic Arc, with two nested calderas, the Bagiai cone, a fatal 1979 phreatic eruption, and 2012-2014 satellite ash plumes.
Katla (volcano)
Katla is a large subglacial volcano beneath the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap in southern Iceland, one of the country's most active, with its last confirmed eruption in 1918.
Khodutka
Khodutka (Ходутка), also Golygina, is a 2,039 m stratovolcano in southern Kamchatka, Russia. Its VEI 5 Khodutkinsky maar eruption about 2,800 years ago spread tephra across southern Kamchatka; the last summit lava flow dates to about 2,000–2,500 years ago.
Kīlauea
Kīlauea, also known as Kilauea Volcano, is an active shield volcano on the Island of Hawaiʻi and one of the most active on Earth; its 2018 eruption destroyed over 700 structures.
Kohala, Hawaii
Kohala is the oldest, extinct shield volcano of Hawaiʻi Island, forming the island's northwest peninsula and the North and South Kohala districts, with 5,480-ft summit, 0.7 Ma shield age, Pololū landslide, extreme rainfall gradient, Kohala Ditch, and Kamehameha I's birthplace.
Krakatoa
Krakatoa, more properly Krakatau (Indonesian: Krakatau), is a volcanic island group in Indonesia's Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra, famous for its catastrophic 1883 eruption.
Kyejo
Kyejo (Kieyo, Kiejo) is a 2,176 m trachytic stratovolcano in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, SW Tanzania, NW of Lake Malawi. Its only historical eruption, around 1800 CE from the Sarabwe and Fiteko cones, produced 8 km lava flows that overran villages.
La Garita Caldera
La Garita Caldera, also called the La Garita supervolcano, is a large eroded caldera in southwestern Colorado formed about 28 million years ago by the Fish Canyon Tuff supereruption.
Lahar
A lahar, also called a volcanic mudflow or debris flow, is a rapidly flowing mixture of volcanic rock debris and water originating on a volcano's slopes.
Laki
Laki, or Lakagígar, is a 27 km volcanic fissure in southern Iceland whose 1783 to 1784 eruption caused famine that killed about a fifth of Iceland's population.
Lapilli
Lapilli, meaning "little stones" in Italian, are fragments of lava or rock between 2 and 64 mm across blasted into the air by volcanic explosions, a middle size class of tephra.
Lava
Lava, also known as volcanic lava, is molten rock erupted onto a planet's surface, called magma underground, that cools into igneous rock, forming flow types such as pāhoehoe and ʻaʻā.
Lava dome
A lava dome, also called a volcanic dome, is a steep-sided mound formed when viscous lava piles up over its vent instead of flowing away.
Lava lake
A lava lake is a persistent body of molten lava at the top of a volcano's magma column, kept molten by convection for years to decades.
Lava tube
A lava tube, also known as a lava tunnel or pyroduct, is a cave formed when lava's surface hardens into a roof and the molten interior drains away.
List of largest volcanic eruptions
The list of largest volcanic eruptions ranks eruptions by ejecta volume on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, from Tambora in 1815 to the VEI 8 supereruptions.
List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
The list of volcanic eruptions by death toll, also called the list of deadly volcanic eruptions, ranks eruptions by deaths, led by Tambora in 1815 at 92,000 and Krakatau in 1883 at 36,000.
List of volcanoes in Indonesia
The list of volcanoes in Indonesia covers the archipelago's roughly 500 volcanoes, 127 of them active as of 2025, formed along the Sunda and Banda arcs.
Lists of volcanoes
Lists of volcanoes: catalogs of volcanic features organized by name, country, elevation, type, or activity status. Key sources are the Smithsonian GVP (1,214 Holocene-active volcanoes), NOAA NCEI (over 1,600 locations, over 800 eruptions), and USGS GVP-linked records.
Llaima
Llaima, Chilean stratovolcano in Araucania's Southern Volcanic Zone, 3,125-3,179 m, one of South America's most active with about 56 eruptions since 1852; last erupted 2007-2009, main hazard lahars.
Maar
A maar is a broad, low-rimmed volcanic crater formed by explosive interaction of rising magma with groundwater, cutting below the pre-eruption surface and underlain by a funnel-shaped diatreme, with the type locality in Germany's Vulkaneifel.
Magma
Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, made of silicate melt, mineral crystals, and dissolved gases, that rises through volcanic vents and is called lava once it erupts.
Magma chamber
A magma chamber, also called a magmatic reservoir, is the region beneath a volcano's vent where molten rock (magma) is stored prior to eruption, often as crystal-rich mush.
Manam
Manam (Manam Motu) is a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano island, 10 km wide, 13 km off Papua New Guinea's Madang coast; eruptions recorded since 1616, two summit craters, major 2004-05 and 2019 eruptions, and top-tier global volcanic SO2 and CO2 emissions.
Mascota Volcanic Field
The Mascota Volcanic Field is a volcanic field of cinder cones and lava domes near Mascota in Jalisco, western Mexico, hosting the youngest known minette lavas on Earth.
Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa is the largest active volcano on Earth, a shield volcano covering over half of the Island of Hawaiʻi that last erupted in 2022.