Volcanoes and volcanic landforms

Azumayama

Azumayama (吾妻山) is an active volcanic group of stratovolcanoes, shields, lava domes, and pyroclastic cones on the Yamagata–Fukushima border, Japan; its highest point reaches 2,035 m.

Bardarbunga

Bardarbunga is a subglacial basaltic stratovolcano beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap in central Iceland, best known for the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption, Iceland's largest since the 1783 Laki event.

Barren Island (Andaman Islands)

Barren Island is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Andaman Sea, about 135 km from Port Blair, and the site of India's only active volcano.

Bezymianny (Безымянный), an andesitic stratovolcano (2,882 m) in Kamchatka's Klyuchevskoy group, Russia; considered extinct until its catastrophic 1956 directed-blast eruption, now continuously rebuilding its lava dome with frequent explosive eruptions.

Blanco, Cerro

Cerro Blanco (Robledo) is a 4,670 m Holocene caldera in Catamarca, Argentina, source of the Central Andes' largest Holocene eruption (~4.2 ka, >100 km3 tephra), now slowly subsiding with an active blind geothermal field.

Bora-Bericha-Tullu Moye

Bora-Bericha-Tullu Moye (BBTM) is an active silicic volcanic complex of three edifices and nested calderas in the central Main Ethiopian Rift, Ethiopia, last erupting about 1900 CE, with geothermal development and over 27 explosive eruptions in 100,000 years.

Boset

Boset (Boset-Bericha, Boseti) is a twin stratovolcano complex (Gudda and Bericha) in the northern Main Ethiopian Rift, 17 x 20 km, summit 2,447 m, caldera formed after ~120 ka, with Holocene explosive eruptions including the ~600-year-old Boset Pumice.

Bridge River Cones

The Bridge River Cones are a small basaltic volcanic field in the Garibaldi volcanic belt of southwest British Columbia, Canada, about 40 km west of Gold Bridge.

Butajiri-Silti Field

Butajiri-Silti Field (Ābaya Isate Gemora YeFelek'ebet) is a basaltic monogenetic volcanic field of cinder cones, maars, and lava flows, 80 km long, on the western margin of Ethiopia's Main Ethiopian Rift near Butajira.

Buyan-Bratan

Buyan-Bratan is a volcanic complex in north-central Bali, Indonesia, dominated by the Bratan (Catur) caldera, an 11 by 6 km depression holding three caldera lakes.

Calbuco

Calbuco is an active andesitic stratovolcano (1,974 m) in the Chilean lake district at 41.33°S, 72.618°W, ranked Chile's third most dangerous volcano; it erupted sub-Plinian in April 2015 after 54 years of quiescence.

Caldera

A caldera is a large volcanic depression, formed when the ground collapses into a magma chamber emptied by eruption; collapses over 1 km across are calderas.

Callaqui

Callaqui is a 3,099-m ice-capped stratovolcano in Chile's Southern Andean Volcanic Arc, built along an 11-km SW-NE fissure with up to 16 craters; confirmed eruptions in 1751 and 1980.

Cascade Volcanoes

The Cascade Volcanoes, also known as the Cascade Volcanic Arc, are the active volcanoes of the Cascade Range, a 800-mile chain from northern California to southern British Columbia.

Chachimbiro

Chachimbiro, a 4,106 m composite stratovolcano in Imbabura, Ecuador, 25 km NW of Ibarra; last erupted about 3740 BCE, tops Ecuador's 4-factor volcanic risk ranking, and hosts the country's first 50 MW geothermal project.

Chichinautzin

Sierra Chichinautzin (Chichinautzin volcanic field): monogenetic volcanic field of 220+ scoria cones, shields, and domes south of Mexico City in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; last eruption Xitle ~400 CE, burying Cuicuilco.

Chillan, Nevados de

Nevados de Chillán is an active stratovolcano complex in central Chile's Andes, rising to 3,212 meters; its most recent eruption ran from 2016 to 2022.

Cinder cone

A cinder cone, also called a scoria cone, is a steep conical volcanic hill built from solidified lava fragments around a vent, the most common volcanic landform on Earth.

Coropuna

Coropuna (Nevado Coropuna), Peru's highest volcano at 6,377 m in the Cordillera Ampato near Arequipa, is an ice-capped complex of stratovolcano cones and domes with the largest tropical icefield, active seismicity, and Inca sacred status.

Corrida de Cori Volcanic Field

Corrida de Cori Volcanic Field, a late Cenozoic volcano chain on the Chile-Argentina border at 25.1°S, 68.3°W; its youngest center is Cerro Escorial (5,451 m), source of the ca. 460 ka Escorial ignimbrite.

Cumbre Vieja

Cumbre Vieja, Spanish for "old summit," is an active volcanic ridge on La Palma in the Canary Islands, home to all of the island's historical eruptions.

Death of Colin Scott

The death of Colin Nathaniel Scott occurred in 2016, when the 23-year-old slipped into a boiling, acidic hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, and his body dissolved.

Decade Volcanoes

The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes designated by IAVCEI in the 1990s, part of the UN's disaster-reduction decade, for research and public awareness to reduce volcanic risk.

Dempo

Dempo (Gunung Dempo), active stratovolcano, 3,142 m, SE Sumatra, Indonesia, Sunda arc; frequent small phreatic eruptions from a crater lake since 1817; last eruption 2025; distinct rhyolitic magma.

Dhamar, Harras of

Harras of Dhamar, a volcanic field in central-western Yemen near Dhamar city (14.57°N, 44.67°E), elevation 3,500 m, extending 80 km east with stratovolcanoes, cones, and a possible unconfirmed 1937 eruption.

Dieng Volcanic Complex

Dieng Volcanic Complex (Kompleks Vulkanik Dieng): a late Quaternary complex volcano and highland plateau in Central Java, Indonesia, with active phreatic craters, a deadly 1979 CO2 eruption, geothermal fields, and ancient Hindu temples.

Dona Juana

Doña Juana (Dona Juana) is an active dacitic stratovolcano, 4,160 m, in Nariño, SW Colombia, whose 1897-1936 eruptions killed over 100 people; it is monitored by the SGC from Pasto.

Durango Volcanic Field

Durango Volcanic Field (Campo Volcánico de Durango), a Pliocene-Quaternary monogenetic basaltic field of ~100 cinder cones and maars covering 2,100 km2 northeast of Durango city, Mexico, with the young La Breña-El Jagüey maar complex and mantle xenolith localities.

Ebulobo

Ebulobo (Amburombu, Keo Peak) is a 2,096 m symmetrical stratovolcano in central Flores, Indonesia, with seven eruptions since 1830, last in 1969, plus 2013 and 2017 unrest and nearby Mataloko geothermal springs.