5,021 articles
Nationally Determined Contributions
Nationally determined contributions, or NDCs, are the climate plans each Paris Agreement country must submit every five years, committing to cut emissions and adapt to climate change.
Natural disaster
A natural disaster is a serious disruption of a community caused by a hazardous natural event, such as an earthquake or flood, producing major human and economic losses.
Natural disasters in India
Natural disasters in India, also known as natural calamities in India, are recurrent floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, droughts, and heat waves causing substantial loss of life and property.
Natural flow regime
The natural flow regime is the characteristic pattern of streamflow in a river under natural conditions, defined by the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change of flows.
Natural gas
Natural gas, also called fossil gas, is a naturally occurring gas mixture found underground, composed mostly of methane and commonly associated with petroleum, burned for electricity, heating, and industry.
Natural resource
A natural resource is any biological, mineral, or aesthetic asset afforded by nature without human intervention that can be used for benefit; classifications include renewable, non-renewable, and nondepletable.
Natural Resource Partners
Natural Resource Partners is an American diversified natural resource partnership, formed in 2002, that owns about 13 million acres of mineral rights and earns royalties without mining.
Natural Resources Defense Council
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is an international nonprofit environmental organization that uses law and science to confront the climate crisis, founded in 1970.
Natural resources of India
The natural resources of India are the minerals, fossil fuels, water, land, and forests within the country that support its economy, coal being the principal mineral resource.
Nautical Almanac
The Nautical Almanac is an annual ephemeris published jointly by the US and UK Nautical Almanac Offices, giving mariners data for celestial navigation with a sextant.
Nautical chart
A nautical chart, also called a marine or navigation chart, is an official government-issued map for marine navigation, showing depths, hazards, and aids to seafarers.
Navajo Sandstone
The Navajo Sandstone is a light-colored, cross-bedded Jurassic sandstone deposited by ancient dunes across the Colorado Plateau, forming the slickrock cliffs of Zion National Park.
Naval Oceanographic Office
The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO), renamed from the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office in 1962, is the Navy's principal oceanographic command, based in Mississippi and tracing its origins to 1830.
Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System
The Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS) is a global aerosol forecast model developed by the US Naval Research Laboratory, predicting dust, smoke, and sea salt.
Navy Global Environmental Model
The Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) is the United States Navy's global numerical weather prediction model, replacing NOGAPS as the Navy's prime forecast model in February 2013.
Nazca Plate
The Nazca Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific, formed from the Farallon Plate about 23 million years ago, that subducts beneath South America.
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis
The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, also called Reanalysis 1 or R1, is a global gridded atmospheric dataset produced by NCEP and NCAR, covering 1948 to the present with a fixed assimilation system.
Neap tide
A neap tide is a moderate tide occurring twice each lunar month, at the Moon's first and third quarters, when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other.
NEEM (ice core)
NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) was a Danish-led ice-core drilling project in northwest Greenland that recovered a 2,540 m core from 2008 to 2012.
Nemrut Dagi
Nemrut Dagi (Nemrut Dağı), an active 2,948 m stratovolcano near Lake Van in eastern Turkey, holds a 9 x 5 km caldera with Nemrut Crater Lake and last erupted in 1650 CE, with earlier eruptions in 1441 and 1597.
NEMS (NOAA)
NEMS, the NOAA Environmental Modeling System, is a unified modeling system supporting operational weather prediction at NCEP, hosting models like the GFS, NAM, and GEFS.
Neoarchean
The Neoarchean is the fourth and youngest era of the Archean Eon, spanning 2800 to 2500 million years ago, marked by major crustal growth near 2.7 billion years ago.
Neogene
The Neogene, formerly called the Upper Tertiary, is the middle period of the Cenozoic Era, spanning 23.03 to 2.58 million years ago and comprising the Miocene and Pliocene.
Neoglaciation
Neoglaciation is the late Holocene interval, beginning roughly 5,000 years ago, when alpine glaciers regrew after Middle Holocene shrinkage; Porter and Denton formalized the concept in 1967.
Neoproterozoic
The Neoproterozoic, also called the Late Proterozoic, is the last era of the Proterozoic eon, spanning 1 billion to 539 million years ago and ending at the Cambrian.
Nepheline
Nepheline is a rock-forming feldspathoid mineral, Na3K(Al4Si4O16), that forms in silica-deficient magmas and is common in the igneous rock nepheline syenite, a raw material for glass and ceramics.
Nephrite
Nephrite, also known as nephrite jade or Nefrite, is one of the two minerals called jade, a tough amphibole rock that is the jade of ancient China and Māori New Zealand.
Net ecosystem production
Net ecosystem production (NEP) is the difference between gross primary production and ecosystem respiration in an ecosystem, commonly measured in lakes with the diel oxygen technique.
Net radiation
Net radiation is the difference between incoming and outgoing radiative energy at a surface or the top of the atmosphere, driving warming or cooling and Earth's energy budget.
Net Smelter Return
A net smelter return (NSR) is a royalty on mineral production calculated as a percentage of smelter proceeds, after off-site treatment and refining charges but not mining costs.