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Global atmospheric electrical circuit
The global atmospheric electrical circuit is the planet-spanning loop of electric currents driven by thunderstorms, flowing up to the ionosphere and back through fair weather.
Global Atmospheric Research Programme
The Global Atmospheric Research Programme (GARP) was an international atmospheric science program launched by the WMO and ICSU in 1967, known for the GATE and FGGE field experiments.
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, or GSSP, is an internationally agreed reference point in rock strata that defines the lower boundary of a geologic stage, known as a golden spike.
Global brightening
Global brightening is the recovery of sunlight reaching Earth's surface since the 1980s, after decades of decline known as global dimming, driven mainly by reduced air pollution.
Global Carbon Project
The Global Carbon Project is an international research project established in 2001 that publishes the annual Global Carbon Budget, tracking CO2 emissions and the land and ocean sinks.
Global Climate Observing System
The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) is an international program, established in 1992 and co-sponsored by the WMO, UNESCO, and UN agencies, that coordinates climate observations and defines 55 Essential Climate Variables.
Global Climate Strike
The Global Climate Strike is a series of internationally coordinated climate protests, mostly by students, organized by Fridays for Future and inspired by Greta Thunberg's 2018 school strike.
Global cooling
Global cooling was a 1970s hypothesis that Earth was entering a period of falling temperatures, possibly toward a new ice age; it never had scientific consensus.
Global Data Assimilation System
The Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) is the NCEP system that combines surface, balloon, aircraft, radar, and satellite observations onto a gridded analysis initializing NOAA's Global Forecast System four times daily.
Global dimming
Global dimming is the widespread decrease in sunlight reaching Earth's surface between the 1950s and 1980s, caused mainly by air pollution and aerosols, followed by a partial recovery known as brightening.
Global Drifter Program
The Global Drifter Program (GDP) is a NOAA-led ocean observing program that maintains a global array of about 1,250 satellite-tracked drifting buoys measuring ocean currents and sea surface temperature.
Global Energy and Water Exchanges project
The Global Energy and Water Exchanges project (GEWEX), launched in 1988, is a core project of the World Climate Research Programme that studies Earth's water cycle and energy fluxes.
Global Ensemble Forecast System
The Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) is the medium-range global ensemble prediction system run by NOAA's NCEP since December 1992, whose 31 members estimate forecast uncertainty.
Global Flood Awareness System
The Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) is a global flood forecasting service of the Copernicus Emergency Management Service, developed by ECMWF and fully operational since 2018.
Global Forecast System
The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a global numerical weather prediction system run by the U.S. National Weather Service since 1980, producing forecasts up to 16 days ahead.
Global Historical Climatology Network
The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is a family of quality-controlled climate datasets maintained by NOAA, covering temperature and precipitation from land stations worldwide since 1992.
Global Land Data Assimilation System
The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) is a NASA modeling system that combines satellite and ground observations to generate global fields of soil moisture, temperature, and runoff since 2001.
Global Methane Pledge
The Global Methane Pledge is a voluntary commitment launched at COP26 in 2021 to cut global methane emissions at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030.
Global Ocean Forecasting System
The Global Ocean Forecasting System (GOFS) is the United States Navy's global ocean and sea ice forecasting system, built on the HYCOM model and run daily.
Global Ocean Observing System
The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is an intergovernmental framework led by UNESCO's IOC, created in 1991, that coordinates ocean observing networks delivering data on essential ocean variables.
Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP)
The Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) is an international network of about 55 ocean survey lines repeated roughly every decade, measuring full-depth changes in heat, carbon, oxygen, and salinity.
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
The Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), established in 1989 under the World Meteorological Organization, is operated by Deutscher Wetterdienst in Germany and produces gridded precipitation analyses from over 124,000 rain gauge stations.
Global Precipitation Climatology Project
The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) is an international project begun in 1986 under the World Climate Research Programme that merges satellite and gauge data into global precipitation analyses.
Global Precipitation Measurement mission
The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite network co-led by NASA and JAXA, launched in 2014, providing global rain and snow observations.
Global Seismographic Network
The Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a global network of about 150 seismic stations, established in 1988, that records earthquakes and provides its data free in real time.
Global Stocktake
The global stocktake is a Paris Agreement process under Article 14, held every five years, in which countries assess collective progress toward the Agreement's climate goals.
Global storm-resolving model
A global storm-resolving model (GSRM) is an atmospheric model with a mesh finer than about 5 km that simulates convective storms explicitly rather than by parameterization.
Global Telecommunication System
The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) is the World Meteorological Organization's real-time network for exchanging weather observations, forecasts, and warnings since 1971, now being replaced by WIS2 by 2033.
Global warming hiatus
The global warming hiatus was a slowdown in global surface temperature rise from about 1998 to 2012, later attributed to ocean heat redistribution and data biases.
Global warming potential
Global warming potential (GWP) is an index expressing a greenhouse gas's warming effect as a multiple of carbon dioxide's over a time horizon, enabling CO2-equivalent totals.