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Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (海洋研究開発機構)
The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, known as JAMSTEC, is Japan's national agency for marine and earth sciences, founded in 1971 and headquartered in Yokosuka.
Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (Kishōchō) is Japan's national weather service under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, responsible for forecasts, severe weather warnings, and earthquake, tsunami, and volcano monitoring.
Japan Trench
The Japan Trench is an oceanic trench off northeastern Japan where the Pacific Plate subducts beneath the overriding plate, causing major earthquakes, including the 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku quake.
Jarrell tornado
The Jarrell tornado was an F5 tornado that struck Jarrell, Texas, and its Double Creek Estates subdivision on May 27, 1997, killing 27 people and producing extreme damage.
Jason ROV
Jason is a two-body deep-ocean remotely operated vehicle built and operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, rated to 6,500 meters and reaching 98 percent of the global seafloor.
Jason-1
Jason-1 was a joint NASA and CNES oceanography satellite launched December 7, 2001, continuing the TOPEX/Poseidon sea-surface height record until transmitter failure ended it in 2013.
Jason-2
Jason-2, also called the Ocean Surface Topography Mission, was a satellite operated by CNES, NASA, EUMETSAT, and NOAA that measured sea surface height from 2008 to 2019.
Jason-3
Jason-3 is a U.S.-European ocean-observing satellite launched in 2016 by NOAA, NASA, CNES, and EUMETSAT, the fourth Jason mission measuring sea surface height to study sea level rise and climate.
Jasper
Jasper is an opaque, impure variety of cryptocrystalline silica, typically red to reddish-brown from hematite inclusions; the name comes from ancient Greek for "spotted stone," and it has been used since prehistory.
Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse (1741–1788) was a French naval officer who led a round-the-world voyage of discovery and vanished with both ships in the South Pacific in 1788.
Jean-Michel Cousteau
Jean-Michel Cousteau, born in 1938 in Toulon, France, is a French ocean explorer and environmentalist, eldest son of Jacques-Yves Cousteau and founder of the Ocean Futures Society.
Jeffrey W. Book
Jeffrey W. Book is an American physical oceanographer at the Naval Research Laboratory in Mississippi, known for shallow-sea and strait circulation research and a 2011 Presidential Early Career Award.
Jeremy Wade
Jeremy Wade, full name Jeremy John Wade, is a British biologist, angler, and television presenter who hosted Animal Planet's River Monsters for nine seasons, investigating large freshwater fish worldwide.
Jet streak
A jet streak is a localized core of relative maximum wind speed within a jet stream, whose entrance and exit regions govern cyclone development and precipitation.
Jet stream
The jet stream is a narrow band of strong wind in the upper atmosphere, blowing west to east, that steers weather systems and causes clear-air turbulence.
Jim Cantore
Jim Cantore is an American on-camera meteorologist for The Weather Channel, which he joined in 1986, known for field coverage of hurricanes, tornadoes, and blizzards including Hurricane Katrina.
Jōgan earthquake
The Jōgan earthquake (貞観地震) was a great earthquake and tsunami that struck Mutsu Province in northern Japan on 9 July 869, drowning roughly 1,000 people on the Sendai plain.
Jōgan eruption of Mount Fuji
The Jōgan eruption (貞観噴火) of Mount Fuji was a fissure eruption on the volcano's northwest flank from 864 into 866, producing the large Aokigahara lava flows.
JOIDES Resolution
The JOIDES Resolution was a riserless scientific drillship that drilled the ocean floor for core samples, serving international ocean drilling programs from 1985 until its retirement in September 2024.
Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) was an international marine research program launched in 1987 under SCOR to quantify carbon fluxes in the ocean and atmosphere.
Joint Hurricane Testbed
The Joint Hurricane Testbed was a NOAA program established in 2001 to transfer tropical cyclone research into forecast operations at the National Hurricane Center in Miami.
Joint Implementation
Joint Implementation is one of the Kyoto Protocol's flexibility mechanisms under Article 6, allowing Annex I countries to earn emission reduction units from projects hosted in other industrialized countries.
Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint U.S. Navy and Air Force command issuing tropical cyclone forecasts and warnings for the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Jökulhlaup
Jökulhlaup, an Icelandic word now used internationally, is a glacial outburst flood caused by failure of an ice or sediment dam or by volcanic melting.
Jombolok
Jombolok, also written Jom-Bolok or Zhom-Bolok, is a Holocene basaltic volcanic field in the East Sayan Mountains of Siberia, Russia, whose youngest flows erupted around 737 CE, among Central Asia's most recent eruptions.
Josemaría (mine)
Josemaría is a porphyry copper-gold deposit in the Andes of San Juan Province, Argentina, discovered in 2004 and held 50/50 by BHP and Lundin Mining since 2025.
JRA-25
JRA-25 (Japanese 25-year Reanalysis) is a global atmospheric reanalysis produced jointly by the Japan Meteorological Agency and CRIEPI, covering 1979 to 2004 and completed in 2006 as Japan's first long-term reanalysis.
JRA-55
JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis) is a global atmospheric reanalysis dataset produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency, covering 1958 onward, the second Japanese reanalysis after JRA-25.
Juan de Fuca
Juan de Fuca, usually identified as the Greek mariner Apóstolos Valerianos, claimed in 1592 to have discovered the strait between Vancouver Island and Washington State that bears his name.
Juan de Fuca Plate
The Juan de Fuca Plate is a small oceanic tectonic plate off the Pacific Northwest coast, a remnant of the Farallon Plate subducting beneath the North American Plate.