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Moment of inertia
Moment of inertia, also called rotational inertia, measures a body's resistance to changes in its rotation, defined as the sum of each particle's mass times the squared distance from the axis.
Moment of inertia factor
The moment of inertia factor, or normalized polar moment of inertia, is a dimensionless measure of how mass is distributed inside a planet, equal to 0.4 for a uniform sphere.
Moment problem
The moment problem, or problem of moments, asks whether a probability distribution is uniquely determined by its moments, a question introduced by Stieltjes in 1894 and 1895.
Moment tensor inversion
Moment tensor inversion is a seismological technique that estimates the forces at an earthquake source by fitting synthetic seismograms to waveforms, yielding fault orientation, seismic moment, and moment magnitude.
Moment tensor potential
Moment tensor potentials (MTPs) are machine-learning interatomic potentials that predict atomic energies and forces from rotationally covariant moment tensors, proposed by Alexander Shapeev in 2015 and widely applied to metals and alloys.
Moment-generating function
The moment-generating function (MGF) of a random variable X is M_X(t)=E(e^{tX}); differentiating at 0 yields every moment, and an MGF that exists uniquely determines the distribution.
Momentum
Momentum is a physical quantity, the product of an object's mass and velocity (p = mv), and it is conserved in systems with no net external force.
Momentum bandgap
A momentum bandgap, also called a k gap, is a range of momenta forbidden in a temporally modulated medium, the temporal counterpart of an energy bandgap.
Momentum operator
The momentum operator is the linear operator in quantum mechanics that represents observable momentum, acts as -iℏ∇ on wavefunctions, and forms the fundamental pair with position from which angular momentum and the Hamiltonian are built.
Momentum representation
The momentum representation describes a quantum state by its momentum-space wavefunction φ(p), the Fourier transform of the position wavefunction; it is useful in scattering and few-body problems.
Momentum-space wave function
The momentum-space wave function φ(p) is the representation of a quantum state in momentum eigenstates, its squared modulus giving momentum probabilities, and it is the Fourier transform of the position-space wave function.
Mometasone
Mometasone furoate, sold as Nasonex, Elocon, and Asmanex, is a potent synthetic corticosteroid used in creams, a nasal spray for allergies, and inhalers for asthma.
Monaco treatment planning system
Monaco is a radiation therapy treatment planning system by Elekta that calculates dose using Monte Carlo simulation for IMRT, VMAT, and 3D conformal radiotherapy planning.
Monad (category theory)
A monad in category theory, formerly called a triple or standard construction, is an endofunctor with unit and multiplication satisfying the monad laws, a monoid in the category of endofunctors.
Monad (functional programming)
In functional programming, a monad is an abstraction that structures computations, letting pure languages represent effects such as state, exceptions, and input and output behind a uniform interface.
Monadic Boolean algebra
A monadic Boolean algebra, also called a monadic algebra, is a Boolean algebra with a unary operation acting like the existential quantifier, introduced by Halmos in the 1950s.
Monadic second-order logic
Monadic second-order logic (MSO logic) extends first-order logic by quantifying over sets of elements, and over words, trees, and bounded graphs it has the power of finite automata.
Monazite
Monazite is a rare-earth phosphate mineral and principal ore of the rare earth elements and thorium, occurring mainly in placer sands and supplying most rare earth production until 1964.
Monazite geochronology
Monazite geochronology is a dating method that determines the ages of rocks and metamorphic events from the uranium–thorium–lead isotope system preserved in the phosphate mineral monazite.
Monday
Monday is the day of the week after Sunday and before Tuesday; it means "the Moon's day" and is the first day of the week under ISO 8601.
Monensin
Monensin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces cinnamonensis, introduced in the United States in 1971 as an anticoccidial drug for poultry and used as a feed additive improving feed efficiency in cattle.
Monge–Ampère equation
The Monge–Ampère equation is a fully nonlinear second-order partial differential equation that prescribes the determinant of the Hessian of a convex function, central to optimal transport.
Monic polynomial
A monic polynomial is a nonzero polynomial whose leading coefficient is exactly 1. Products of monic polynomials stay monic, and division by a monic works over any ring.
Monica Grady
Monica Grady, born 1958, is a British space scientist who studies carbon in meteorites and comets, and was Professor of Planetary and Space Sciences at the Open University.
Monica Olvera de la Cruz
Mónica Olvera de la Cruz is a Mexican-born theoretical physicist at Northwestern University who models soft materials and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012.
Monika Auweter-Kurtz
Monika Auweter-Kurtz is a German plasma physicist and aerospace engineer known for electric propulsion and plasma wind tunnels for re-entry heat shields, elected to the US National Academy of Engineering in 2009.
Monin–Obukhov similarity theory
Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is a semiempirical framework in boundary-layer meteorology, set out by Obukhov in 1946 and Monin in 1954, that remains the standard method for computing surface fluxes in weather and climate models.
Monism
Monism is the metaphysical thesis that some target, counted in some way, is one, opposed by pluralism, which holds that the same target is many.
Monkey (猴) (zodiac)
The Monkey (猴, hóu), also called the Year of the Monkey, is the ninth animal of the Chinese zodiac, paired with the branch shen; recent Monkey years include 2016 and 2028.
Monkey wrench
A monkey wrench is an adjustable wrench with one fixed jaw and one sliding jaw set by a screw, used to grip nuts and bolt heads of various sizes.