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Mono Lake Volcanic Field
Mono Lake Volcanic Field: basalt-to-rhyolite vents in and around Mono Lake, Mono County, California, near Lee Vining. Features Black Point, Negit, Paoha Island; last activity about 300 years ago; moderate USGS threat potential.
Monoamine neurotransmitter
Monoamine neurotransmitters, also called biogenic monoamines or monoamines, are small-molecule chemical messengers comprising dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and histamine, which regulate mood, movement, arousal, and wakefulness.
Monoammonium phosphate
Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), also called ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, is a phosphorus fertilizer, typically grade 11-52-0, and the active agent in ABC dry chemical fire extinguishers.
Monocalcium phosphate
Monocalcium phosphate, or calcium dihydrogen phosphate, is an acidic, water-soluble calcium phosphate, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, used as the leavening acid in baking powders and as the active part of superphosphate fertilizers.
Monoceros R2
Monoceros R2 (Mon R2) is an association of reflection nebulae and embedded young stars in the constellation Monoceros, about 2,700 light-years from the Sun and first listed by van den Bergh in 1966.
Monoceros Stream
The Monoceros Stream, also called the Monoceros Ring (MRi), is a large stellar overdensity near the Galactic plane in the direction of the Milky Way's anticenter.
Monochloramine
Monochloramine (NH₂Cl), also called chloramide, is an inorganic chloramine disinfectant formed when ammonia is added to chlorine-treated water, used to maintain a lasting antimicrobial residual in drinking water pipes.
Monochloroacetic acid
Monochloroacetic acid (MCA), also called chloroacetic acid or MCAA, is a colorless crystalline haloacetic acid made by chlorinating acetic acid and used mainly to make carboxymethyl cellulose and herbicides.
Monochromated aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy
Monochromated aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy is a class of (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in which a monochromator narrows the beam's energy spread and aberration correctors enable atomic-scale imaging with millielectronvolt spectroscopy.
Monocrotaline
Monocrotaline is a toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in Crotalaria plants that damages the liver and lungs and is widely used to induce pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Monodromy theorem
The monodromy theorem is a result of complex analysis: an analytic function continued along every path in a simply connected domain yields a single-valued branch.
Monogamy of entanglement
Monogamy of entanglement, or entanglement monogamy, is a property of quantum entanglement stating it cannot be freely shared among many parties, quantified by the 2000 CKW inequality.
Monoid
A monoid is an algebraic structure consisting of a set with an associative binary operation and a two-sided identity element, like the natural numbers under addition or multiplication.
Monoidal category
A monoidal category is a category with a tensor product, a unit object, and coherence isomorphisms making associativity hold up to isomorphism, introduced by Saunders Mac Lane in 1963.
Monolayer chromium tribromide (CrBr3)
Monolayer chromium tribromide (CrBr3) is a single atomic layer of the van der Waals ferromagnetic insulator chromium tribromide, which retains ferromagnetic order with a Curie temperature of 34 K.
Monolayer Cr2Ge2Te6 ferromagnetism
Monolayer Cr2Ge2Te6 ferromagnetism is the intrinsic ferromagnetic order in single atomic layers of chromium germanium telluride (CGT), a layered van der Waals semiconductor, demonstrated among the first 2D magnets in 2017.
Monolayer CrI3
Monolayer CrI3, a single atomic layer of the ferromagnetic semiconductor chromium triiodide, became in 2017 the first isolated two-dimensional crystal shown to retain intrinsic ferromagnetic order, with a Curie temperature near 45 K.
Monolayer In2Se3
Monolayer In2Se3 is a single quintuple layer, five atomic planes arranged Se–In–Se–In–Se, of the semiconductor indium sesquiselenide, retaining stable room-temperature ferroelectricity for memory and photodetectors.
Monolayer multiferroic NiI2
Monolayer multiferroic NiI2 is a single atomic layer of nickel diiodide proposed in 2022 as the first two-dimensional type-II multiferroic, where a spin spiral induces ferroelectricity.
Monolayer PdSe2
Monolayer PdSe2 is a single atomic layer of palladium diselenide, a pentagonal, air-stable semiconductor whose 1.3 eV bandgap and in-plane anisotropy support transistors and polarization-sensitive photodetectors.
Monolayer WTe2
Monolayer WTe2, or tungsten ditelluride, is a single atomic layer in which the quantum spin Hall effect, a two-dimensional topological insulator state, was first demonstrated experimentally in 2017, with gate-tuned superconductivity below about 1 K.
Monolith
A monolith is a large rock body or landform standing as one piece, left standing by erosion, famously including Devils Tower in Wyoming and Uluru in Australia.
Monolithic active pixel sensor
A monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) is a silicon particle detector in which the sensing diode and readout electronics are integrated on one CMOS chip.
Monomial order
A monomial order is a total order on the monomials of a polynomial ring, compatible with multiplication, that fixes the leading terms used in Gröbner basis computation.
Monopotassium phosphate
Monopotassium phosphate, also called potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), is the water-soluble salt KH2PO4, a chloride-free fertilizer, food additive E 340(i), buffering agent, and nonlinear optical crystal in the National Ignition Facility.
Monoprotected amino acid ligands for enantioselective C–H activation
Chiral mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands are bidentate ligands for palladium(II)-catalyzed asymmetric C–H activation, introduced in 2008 by Jin-Quan Yu's laboratory for enantioselective C(sp²)–H alkylation.
Monosaccharide
A monosaccharide, also called a simple sugar or simple carbohydrate, is the simplest carbohydrate, a single sugar unit that cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugars.
Monosodium phosphate
Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), also called sodium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium phosphate monobasic, is a white crystalline sodium salt of phosphoric acid used in animal feed, water treatment, and food processing.
Monotectic
A monotectic reaction is an invariant phase transition in which, on cooling, one liquid phase transforms into a second liquid and a solid, occurring in alloys with limited liquid solubility.
Monotone class theorem
The monotone class theorem is a measure theory result stating that a monotone class containing an algebra also contains the σ-algebra it generates, attributed to Paul Halmos.