224 articles
List of Axis personnel indicted for war crimes
Axis personnel indicted for war crimes: German and Japanese defendants charged by the IMT (24 named, 21 tried), the Tokyo IMTFE (27 defendants), the twelve US subsequent Nuremberg trials, and later national courts, distinguishing indictment from trial and conviction.
List of concentration and internment camps
The list of concentration and internment camps covers facilities confining political prisoners and persecuted minorities without trial, including over 44,000 Nazi camps and American wartime internment sites.
List of Iranian officials killed during the 2026 Iran war
A list of senior Iranian officials and military commanders confirmed killed in the 2026 Iran war, beginning with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei on 28 February 2026.
List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
Major perpetrators of the Holocaust: Himmler's SS and police leaders, Eichmann, Einsatzgruppen commanders, killing-center SS officers, plus Wehrmacht, Reichsbank, I.G. Farben, and collaborators across occupied Europe; postwar trials reached only a small minority.
List of war apology statements issued by Japan
Japan's official war apology statements: the 1993 Kono Statement on comfort women, the 1995 Murayama and 2005 Koizumi statements, the 2015 Abe Statement, the Asian Women's Fund, and the 2015 Japan-ROK agreement, with their reception.
Lusaka Protocol
The Lusaka Protocol is a peace agreement signed in Lusaka, Zambia, on 20 November 1994 by Angola's government and UNITA, aiming to end the Angolan Civil War.
Mahmudiyah rape and killings
The Mahmudiyah rape and killings, also called the al-Janabi family massacre, were March 12, 2006 war crimes in which five U.S. Army soldiers raped and murdered 14-year-old Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi and killed her family near Mahmoudiyah, Iraq; four were court-martialed and Steven Green was convicted federally under MEJA.
Majdanek concentration camp
Majdanek (KL Lublin) was a German Nazi concentration and extermination camp near Lublin, Poland, operating October 1941 to July 1944; about 78,000 deaths per Kranz's 2005 research, site of the November 1943 Erntefest massacre, first major camp liberated, now a state museum.
Maria Mandl
Maria Mandl, also spelled Mandel, was an Austrian SS camp guard who headed the women's camp at Auschwitz II-Birkenau from 1942 and was hanged in Kraków in 1948.
Martyrs of Arad
The Martyrs of Arad, or aradi vértanúk, were thirteen senior officers of the Hungarian revolutionary army executed at Arad on 6 October 1849, now mourned nationally each October 6.
Martyrs' Day (India)
Martyrs' Day (Shaheed Diwas) in India honors freedom-struggle martyrs on 30 January (Gandhi's 1948 assassination, two-minute silence at 11 AM) and 23 March (1931 hangings of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev).
Masaharu Homma (本間雅晴)
Masaharu Homma (本間雅晴), Imperial Japanese Army lieutenant general, commanded the 14th Army in the 1941–1942 conquest of the Philippines and the Bataan Death March; tried by US military commission in Manila, denied habeas by the Supreme Court, and executed by firing squad April 3, 1946.
Mau Mau detention camps
The Mau Mau detention camps were British colonial camps in Kenya that held about 80,000 suspected Mau Mau supporters without trial during the 1952 to 1960 Emergency.
Maywand District murders
Maywand District murders, also called the Kill Team killings: 2010 staged killings of at least three unarmed Afghan civilians by U.S. soldiers of the 5th Stryker Brigade at FOB Ramrod, Kandahar; Calvin Gibbs convicted on 15 counts and sentenced to life in prison.
Memorial complex «Old Border»
Memorial complex «Old Border» (Старая граница) is a military-historical open-air museum in Stankovo, Dzerzhinsky district, Belarus, a branch of the Belarusian Great Patriotic War Museum with 38 vehicles on 7.2 ha and a recreated 1920s-30s Soviet-Polish border post.
Memorial Day
Memorial Day, a U.S. federal holiday on the last Monday in May, honors service members who died in military service; originally Decoration Day, first observed nationally May 30, 1868 at Arlington.
Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks
Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks: the National 9/11 Memorial & Museum (Reflecting Absence, by Michael Arad and Peter Walker), Pentagon Memorial, Flight 93 National Memorial, Patriot Day ceremonies, and community living memorials honoring 2,977 victims.
Minsk agreements (Минские соглашения)
The Minsk agreements (Минские соглашения), also called Minsk I and Minsk II, were 2014 and 2015 ceasefire and settlement accords for the Donbas war signed by Ukraine, Russia, and the OSCE and endorsed by UNSC Resolution 2202. They remained largely unimplemented and ended with Russia's February 2022 recognition of the separatist republics and full-scale invasion.
Mutsuhiro Watanabe (渡邊睦裕)
Mutsuhiro Watanabe (渡邊睦裕), "The Bird", Japanese Army sergeant who brutally abused POW Louis Zamperini at Ōmori and Naoetsu camps, was No. 23 on MacArthur's war criminal list, evaded prosecution, and died in 2003.
Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
The myth of the clean Wehrmacht is the disproven claim that Germany's World War II armed forces took no part in the Holocaust or other Nazi crimes.
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
The 660 general names and 128 battle names engraved on the Arc de Triomphe's walls and piers, inscribed 1835-1836 and extended to 1895, commemorating the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars; underlined names mark officers killed in action.
National day of mourning
National day of mourning: an officially declared day or period of collective grief for leaders, disaster victims, or fallen workers. Covers US presidential proclamations, European comparative data, Canada's April 28 Workers' Memorial Day, and Australia's 1938 Aboriginal Day of Mourning.
National Museum of the Pacific War
National Museum of the Pacific War (Fredericksburg, Texas), a Smithsonian-affiliated museum of the WWII Pacific Theater opened 1967, centered on Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, with a Bush Gallery, Pacific Combat Zone reenactment site, and oral history archives.
National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day
National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day, observed December 7 and designated by Congress in 1994 (36 U.S.C. §129), honors the 2,403 Americans killed in the 1941 Japanese attack, with presidential proclamations, half-staff flags, and ceremonies at Pearl Harbor National Memorial.
National Personnel Records Center fire
The 1973 National Personnel Records Center fire, also called the NPRC fire or St. Louis fire of July 12, 1973, destroyed 16-18 million Army and Air Force personnel files (80% of Army records 1912-1960, 75% of Air Force records 1947-1964) in a sprinkler-less building; cause never determined.
Nazi human experimentation
Nazi human experimentation: nonconsensual, often lethal medical experiments by German doctors on concentration camp prisoners, 1933–1945, at Dachau, Auschwitz, Ravensbrück, and other camps; prosecuted at the 1946–47 Doctors' Trial, which produced the ten-point Nuremberg Code.
Nazi hunter
Nazi hunter: term for people and organizations tracking Nazi war criminals after WWII. Key figures: Simon Wiesenthal, Serge and Beate Klarsfeld. Private leads, US DOJ OSI (1979), German Ludwigsburg office, last major case 2022.
No Gun Ri massacre
The No Gun Ri massacre was the killing of Korean refugees by U.S. soldiers near No Gun Ri, South Korea, in July 1950, early in the Korean War.
Odilo Globocnik
Odilo Globocnik (1904-1945), Austrian SS-Gruppenführer, Gauleiter of Vienna, SS and Police Leader in Lublin; directed Operation Reinhard (Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, about 1.7 million murdered); later HSSPF Adriatic Littoral; died by suicide after British capture.
Ohi Day (Επέτειος του «Όχι»)
Ohi Day (Επέτειος του «Όχι»), 28 October, Greek and Cypriot national holiday commemorating Metaxas's 1940 rejection of Mussolini's ultimatum, marked by parades and school closures.