1,303 articles
Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention is a multilateral arms control treaty that bans chemical weapons. It was the first treaty to require the abolition of a whole class of weapons of mass destruction by a deadline.
Chicago Journal of International Law
Chicago Journal of International Law (CJIL), ISSN 1529-0816, is the University of Chicago Law School's student-edited international law journal, founded 1999-2000, merged with the Roundtable in 2002, published twice yearly with a CJIL Online imprint.
China and the United Nations
China and the United Nations: original 1945 member and permanent Security Council member, represented by the Republic of China until General Assembly resolution 2758 seated the People's Republic of China on 25 October 1971.
China–Korea Treaty of 1882
China–Korea Treaty of 1882, the Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects (中朝商民水陸貿易章程), signed at Tianjin on 1 October 1882 by Li Hongzhang and Korean envoys; an unequal commercial treaty declaring Korea a Qing tributary, superseded in 1894 and replaced by the equal 1899 treaty.
China–North Korea border
China–North Korea border: 1,334 km boundary along the Yalu and Tumen rivers and Mount Paektu, defined by the 1962 Pyongyang treaty and 1964 protocol, jointly managed rivers, unsettled Yellow Sea maritime boundary.
Chinese Journal of International Law
Chinese Journal of International Law (《中国国际法论刊》, Chinese JIL), a peer-reviewed English quarterly founded in 2002, published by Oxford University Press since 2005, SSCI-indexed, focused on China and Asia.
CIV (rail travel)
CIV (rail travel) refers to the Uniform Rules for the international carriage of passengers and luggage by rail, Appendix A to the COTIF convention of 9 May 1980, marked on tickets and governing carrier liability and passenger rights.
Civilizing mission
Civilizing mission (mission civilisatrice): nineteenth-century European imperial justification for bringing Christianity, schooling, and Western culture to colonized peoples; advanced especially under the French Third Republic andcriticized as cover for domination.
Classical treatises on international arbitration
Classical treatises on international arbitration are the scholarly works named in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's authorities list, published between 1887 and 1902, documenting a boom in arbitral practice.
Clean slate and continuity theories of treaty succession
The clean slate and continuity theories of treaty succession are rival doctrines on whether a new state inherits its predecessor's treaties, addressed by the 1978 Vienna Convention.
Closer Economic Relations
Closer Economic Relations (CER, ANZCERTA): the Australia–New Zealand free trade agreement signed at Canberra on 28 March 1983 and in force since 1 January 1983, creating a WTO-consistent free trade area covering goods, services, and investment, supplemented by over 80 arrangements.
Cod Wars
The Cod Wars: three disputes (1958-61, 1972-73, 1975-76) between Iceland and the UK over Iceland's expanding exclusive fishery zone, from 4 to 200 nautical miles, resolved in Iceland's favor via NATO-related threats.
Coercion of a state or representative (treaty law)
Coercion of a state or representative is a ground of treaty invalidity under the 1969 Vienna Convention, under which coerced consent has no legal effect.
Collective security
Collective security: the principle that aggression against one state is aggression against all, first tried by the League of Nations and now centered on the UN Security Council's Chapter VII sanctions, enforcement powers, and veto-constrained decision-making.
Colonization of Antarctica
Colonization of Antarctica: human settlement of the southern continent via research stations, not permanent towns. Antarctic Treaty 1959 freezes seven territorial claims; about 4,000 summer residents, Madrid Protocol mining ban.
Colony of Fiji
The Colony of Fiji was a British Crown colony established in 1874 by the Deed of Cession, ruled for 96 years with Indian indentured labor, and gained independence in October 1970.
Columbia Human Rights Law Review
Columbia Human Rights Law Review (HRLR), formerly Columbia Survey of Human Rights Law, is Columbia Law School's student-edited human rights journal, publishing since 1968, open access since 2019, with HRLR Online and A Jailhouse Lawyer's Manual.
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
CCAMLR (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources) is the Hobart-based commission, established 1982 under the Canberra Convention, managing Southern Ocean toothfish, icefish, and krill fisheries by consensus among 27 Members.
Comparison of European road signs
Comparison of European road signs: national systems measured against the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, its 1971 European Agreement and 1973 Road Markings Protocol, and the reservations and national choices, such as Irish yellow diamond warnings, that make signs differ.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
CTBTO (Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization) is the Vienna-based interim body building the CTBT verification regime: 321-station IMS, IDC in Vienna, on-site inspections pending entry into force; 188 signatories, 179 ratifiers.
Côn Sơn Island
Côn Sơn Island (Đảo Côn Sơn, Poulo Condore), largest and only inhabited island of Vietnam's 16-island Côn Đảo archipelago, 230 km south of Ho Chi Minh City; French-run prison 1862–1975 with about 20,000 deaths, now a memorial and national park site.
Conflict with jus cogens
Conflict with jus cogens voids a treaty under Article 53 of the 1969 Vienna Convention, and a new peremptory norm terminates an existing treaty under Article 64.
Congress of Arras
Congress of Arras (1435): peace congress at Arras ending the Armagnac-Burgundian civil war; Treaty of Arras (21 September 1435) drew Philip the Good from England to Charles VII, ceding Mâcon, Auxerre, and Somme towns.
Congress of Berlin
The Congress of Berlin (June 13–July 13, 1878), with Bismarck as 'honest broker,' gathered the six great powers and the Ottoman Empire to revise the Treaty of San Stefano, producing the Treaty of Berlin that reshaped the Balkans.
Congress of Westphalia
The Congress of Westphalia was the peace congress held at Münster and Osnabrück from 1643 to 1648 that negotiated the Peace of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years' War.
Consent by exchange of instruments constituting a treaty
Consent by exchange of instruments constituting a treaty is a mode under Article 13 of the 1969 Vienna Convention whereby states become bound by exchanging notes or letters.
Consent, compromis and jurisdiction in international arbitration
Consent, compromis, and jurisdiction in international arbitration is the doctrine that tribunals may hear only disputes the parties have consented to, by compromis or treaty clause.
Consequences of termination and invalidity of treaties
The consequences of termination and invalidity of treaties are rules in Articles 69 to 72 of the 1969 Vienna Convention governing a treaty's legal force.
Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union
Twin ITU basic treaty instruments (Geneva, 22 December 1992; in force 1 July 1994) that establish the Union's legal basis, structure, dispute settlement, and hierarchy over the Administrative Regulations.
Constitutive Act of the African Union
The Constitutive Act of the African Union is the founding treaty of the AU, adopted at Lomé, Togo on 11 July 2000, in force 26 May 2001, replacing the OAU Charter; Article 4(h) permits intervention for genocide and war crimes.