9,901 articles
Consent
Consent (sexual consent, samtycke) is voluntary agreement to sexual activity requiring freedom and capacity. Key facts: UK s.74 definition, Canada s.273.1, Sweden's 2018 consent-based rape law, affirmative versus no-means-no models.
Consent by exchange of instruments constituting a treaty
Consent by exchange of instruments constituting a treaty is a mode under Article 13 of the 1969 Vienna Convention whereby states become bound by exchanging notes or letters.
Consent, compromis and jurisdiction in international arbitration
Consent, compromis, and jurisdiction in international arbitration is the doctrine that tribunals may hear only disputes the parties have consented to, by compromis or treaty clause.
Consent, eligibility and adoption procedure in Canadian adoption law
Consent, eligibility, and adoption procedure in Canadian adoption law are governed by provincial statutes, with children's consent required from age 12 in most provinces and the child's best interests paramount.
Consequences of termination and invalidity of treaties
The consequences of termination and invalidity of treaties are rules in Articles 69 to 72 of the 1969 Vienna Convention governing a treaty's legal force.
Conservatorship
Conservatorship, called guardianship in some states, is a US court arrangement appointing a conservator to manage personal or financial affairs of an adult deemed unable to do so; covers LPS and probate types, alternatives, abuse concerns, and Britney Spears reform impact.
Consideration
Consideration is the exchange of value, such as mutual promises, that common law contract law requires to make a promise enforceable, separating bargains from unenforceable gifts. Also called: contract consideration; counterpart concept, civil law causa.
Consideration in English law
Consideration in English law is the price exchanged for a promise, required to enforce informal contracts. Key rules: sufficiency not adequacy, past consideration invalid, practical benefit (Williams v Roffey), part-payment rule (Foakes v Beer), promissory estoppel.
Consigliere
Consigliere (Italian "counselor") is the senior advisor rank in the Italian-American and Sicilian Mafia, part of a family's administration with the boss and underboss, typically the number-three man, mediator, and keeper of rules and traditions.
Consignment
Consignment (law): an arrangement in which a consignor delivers goods to a consignee for sale, keeping ownership until sale. Distinguished from sale or return, sale on approval, and carriage consignments; governed by UCC Articles 2 and 9.
Consolidation of Labor Laws
The Consolidation of Labor Laws (Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, CLT) is the Brazilian statute uniting labor law in one code, decreed by President Getúlio Vargas on May 1, 1943.
Conspiracy
Criminal conspiracy: an agreement between two or more people to commit an unlawful act, the agreement itself being the offense; covers elements, overt acts, intent, Pinkerton liability, MPC unilateral reform.
Conspiracy against the United States
Conspiracy against the United States, 18 U.S.C. § 371, the general federal conspiracy statute: agreement of two or more persons to commit a federal offense or defraud the government, plus an overt act, punishable by up to five years.
Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales
Conspiracy theories about Diana, Princess of Wales's 1997 Paris crash claim MI6 or Prince Philip ordered her murder. Operation Paget and the 2008 inquest found accidental death, no conspiracy.
Constance Baker Motley
Constance Baker Motley was an American civil rights lawyer and federal judge who won nine of ten Supreme Court arguments and helped James Meredith integrate the University of Mississippi.
Constand v. Cosby
Constand v. Cosby is Andrea Constand's 2005 E.D. Pa. civil suit against Bill Cosby, settled confidentially in 2006 for nearly $3.4 million; its unsealed 2015 deposition triggered criminal charges and the 2021 reversal of Cosby's conviction.
Constantin Stere
Constantin Stere (1865–1936) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian publicist, jurist, and politician, the ideologue of Poporanism, founder of Viața Românească, and president of Sfatul Țării during Bessarabia's 1918 union with Romania.
Constituent assembly
Constituent assembly: an elected representative body created to draft or adopt a constitution, exercising the people's constituent power. Covers the French sovereign model versus the American proposing-body model, mandates, procedure, and cases from 1789 to Chile 2021–22.
Constituent Assembly of India (भारत की संविधान सभा)
The Constituent Assembly of India (भारत की संविधान सभा), a 389-member indirectly elected body under the Cabinet Mission Plan, met from 9 December 1946, drafted the Constitution, and adopted it on 26 November 1949.
Constituent Assembly of Indonesia
The Constituent Assembly of Indonesia, known in Indonesian as the Konstituante, was elected in 1955 and met from 1956 to 1959 to draft a permanent constitution before Soekarno dissolved it.
Constitution
Constitution: the fundamental rules establishing a state's institutions, distribution of power, and citizens' rights. Covers codified versus uncodified models (UK, Israel, New Zealand), constitutional review, a 16-year half-life for democratic constitutions, and 2025–2026 reform trends.
Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union
Twin ITU basic treaty instruments (Geneva, 22 December 1992; in force 1 July 1994) that establish the Union's legal basis, structure, dispute settlement, and hierarchy over the Administrative Regulations.
Constitution Day (India)
Constitution Day (Samvidhan Divas), India's annual observance on 26 November commemorating the 1949 adoption of the Constitution; notified in 2015, formerly National Law Day, marked by mass Preamble readings.
Constitution of Australia
Constitution of Australia: supreme written law of the Commonwealth, enacted 1900, in force 1 January 1901. Also called Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act. Federal structure, sections 51/52, section 128 double-majority referendum amendment, only 8 of 45 proposals carried.
Constitution of Bangladesh
Supreme written constitution of Bangladesh, adopted 4 November 1972 on nationalism, socialism, democracy, and secularism; amended 17 times, shaped by the basic structure doctrine, the 2011 Fifteenth Amendment, and post-2024 reform and litigation.
Constitution of Bermuda
The Constitution of Bermuda is Bermuda's supreme written instrument of government, contained in the Bermuda Constitution Order 1968, which introduced responsible government and a Westminster-style legislature.
Constitution of Canada
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of Canada, centered on the Constitution Act, 1867 and Constitution Act, 1982, patriated in 1982, with the Charter, section 35 Aboriginal rights, the 7/50 amendment formula, and unwritten principles like federalism, democracy, and respect for minorities.
Constitution of Cuba
Constitution of Cuba (Constitución de la República de Cuba): supreme law of Cuba. Current text approved by referendum February 24, 2019, replacing the 1976 Constitution reformed in 1978, 1992, and 2002; socialism declared irrevocable since 2002.
Constitution of East Timor
The Constitution of East Timor (Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste) is the supreme law of Timor-Leste, drafted by an elected Constituent Assembly and in force since independence on 20 May 2002.
Constitution of Eswatini
The Constitution of Eswatini, formally the Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland Act, 2005, is the supreme law of Eswatini, promulgated in 2005 and effective 8 February 2006.