2,407 articles
Hungarians
Hungarians (magyarok, Magyars): Uralic-speaking ethnic group and nation of the Carpathian Basin; ~14.2 million worldwide, two-thirds in Hungary, large minorities in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine after the 1920 Treaty of Trianon.
Hutsuls
Hutsuls (гуцули, Huţuli) are a Carpathian highland ethnographic group of Ukrainians living in Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Transcarpathia, and northern Romania, known for pastoral herding, forestry, ornate folk dress, wood carving, and the short-lived 1919 Hutsul Republic.
Hutterites
Hutterites (Hutterische Brüder), communal Anabaptists founded 1528 in Moravia and named for Jakob Hutter, live in colonies practicing community of goods; 58,392 people in 544 North American colonies, mostly Canada, in three Leut branches.
Hutu
Hutu: the majority population category of Rwanda and Burundi (about 85%), alongside Tutsi and Twa; shares Kinyarwanda/Kirundi language and culture with Tutsi; precolonially a fluid status label, hardened by Belgian identity cards in 1933, dominant in Rwanda 1962-1994.
Hyangyak
Hyangyak (향약; 鄕約) was a village covenant promoting good conduct and mutual aid in rural Korea, adapted from a Chinese Neo-Confucian model in the early 16th century.
Hyrum Smith
Hyrum Smith (1800–1844), older brother of Joseph Smith Jr., was an Eight Witness of the Book of Mormon, counselor in the First Presidency, Patriarch to the Church, and Assistant President, martyred with Joseph at Carthage Jail on June 27, 1844.
Ibaloi people
The Ibaloi (Ibaloy, Nabaloi, Benguet Igorot) are an ethnolinguistic group of southeastern Benguet and Baguio in the Philippine Cordillera, known for the Ibaloy language, baknang elite, gold mining, kinuday smoked meat, and the 1909 Mateo Cariño native title case.
Iban people
The Iban people, historically called the Sea Dayaks, are an indigenous Dayak people of Borneo, numbering about 400,000 in Sarawak, where they live in longhouse communities along rivers.
Icarians
Icarians, followers of Etienne Cabet and his novel Voyage en Icarie, French utopian communists whose settlements ran from Texas (1848) through Nauvoo, Illinois, to Iowa communities lasting until 1898.
Igala–Idoma relations
Igala–Idoma relations are the historical, linguistic, and cultural interactions between the Igala people of the Niger-Benue confluence in Nigeria and their Idoma neighbors, including shared-origin traditions and Idoma migration through Igala territory between 1685 and 1751.
Igbo people
The Igbo (Ibo) are one of Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups, alongside the Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba, at about 15.2% of the population, speaking a Kwa Niger-Congo language, with decentralized precolonial town-assembly governance, the Nri and Aro institutions, and the 1967–70 Biafra war as central history.
Igboland
Igboland is the homeland of the Igbo people of southeastern Nigeria, a Kwa-speaking region of villages and towns organized without kings. Distinguishing facts: over 40 million Igbo today, settlements over two millennia old, councils of elders and oracles for social control, and a contested "stateless society" label.
Igorot people
Igorot, collective exonym for the indigenous ethnolinguistic peoples of the Gran Cordillera Central, northern Luzon, Philippines (from i- plus golot, mountain people). Covers Bontoc, Ifugao, Kankanaey, Ibaloi, Kalinga, and Apayao; term standardized by US colonial censuses and contested by some groups.
Ijaw people
The Ijaw (Ijo, Izon) are the fourth largest ethnic group of Nigeria's Niger Delta, around 15 million people speaking the distinct Ijoid Izon language, known for 7,000 years of delta settlement and oil-related nationalism.
Ilie Ciocan
Ilie Ciocan (28 May/10 June 1913 – 27 May 2026) was a Romanian supercentenarian and World War II veteran, the oldest validated person ever in Romania and the Balkans at 112 years, 351 days, and Europe's oldest living man at death.
Illegal immigration
Illegal immigration, also called unauthorized, undocumented, or irregular migration, is entry or residence in violation of a country's immigration laws. Covers U.S. history, 1986 IRCA legalization, population estimates, economics, and crime research.
Illegal immigration to the United States
Illegal immigration to the United States, also called unauthorized or undocumented immigration, is residence without legal status. Pew estimates a record 14 million unauthorized immigrants in 2023, up from 10.5 million in 2021, with probable decline after 2025 enforcement changes.
Illinois Confederation
The Illinois Confederation, known to the French as Illiniwek, was a loose group of up to 12 Algonquian-speaking tribes in the central Mississippi River valley, most of present-day Illinois, numbering about 10,000 in the early 1600s.
Illyrians
Illyrians: ancient Balkan peoples of the eastern Adriatic coast (southern Slovenia to northwest Greece), named by Greek writers from the 5th century BC; Illyrian kingdom to 167 BC, then Roman Illyricum; language unattested by inscriptions.
Ilocano people
The Ilocano (Iloko, Ilokano) people are a major Philippine ethnolinguistic group of northwestern Luzon; 8,746,169 people (8.0%) reported Ilocano ethnicity in the 2020 census, with historic diasporas to Hawaii, California, and Cagayan.
Imagined community
Imagined community, Benedict Anderson's 1983 concept from Imagined Communities: a nation as an imagined, limited, sovereign political community formed through print capitalism and vernacular languages, later extended to diasporas, gender critique, and digital nationalism.
Immigrant generations
Immigrant generations classify families after migration: first generation is foreign-born, second generation born in the country with at least one immigrant parent, third and higher with two native-born parents. Covers census definitions, the 1.5 generation, colloquial usage, and assimilation research.
Immigration
Immigration is the movement of people into a country other than where they were born, intending to settle there, with about 304 million international migrants by 2024.
Immigration to Australia
Immigration to Australia is the movement of people from overseas to settle there, from First Fleet convicts in 1788 to today's net overseas migration of about 292,000 a year.
Immigration to Canada
Immigration to Canada is the admission of foreign nationals managed by IRCC. The 2026-2028 Levels Plan sets targets for permanent resident admissions at 380,000 per year.
Immigration to Europe
Immigration to Europe: movement of non-EU and intra-EU migrants to European states; 4.2 million non-EU immigrants to the EU in 2024, 29 million third-country national residents (6.4%), 913,000 first-time asylum applications, and the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum applying from 12 June 2026.
Immigration to France
Immigration to France: foreign-born residents (immigrés) since the mid-19th century; 7.2 million immigrants (10.6%) in 2023, 1974 labor-immigration suspension, state recruitment since 1919, and integration outcomes.
Immigration to Germany
Immigration to Germany, also called migration in Germany, is the movement of foreign nationals into the Federal Republic, which has been one of the world's largest immigrant-receiving countries since the 1950s.
Immigration to India
Immigration to India is the movement of foreign nationals into India for residence, work, study, or refuge. Fewer than 5 million residents were foreign-born in 2020.
Immigration to Japan
Immigration to Japan is the movement of foreign nationals into Japan for work, study, family, or protection, with over 4 million foreign residents by 2025.