2,407 articles
Immigration to Norway
Immigration to Norway: movement of foreign-born people to Norway; 987,120 immigrants (17.5% of population) in 2026, up from 6.5% in 2000; main groups Polish and Ukrainian; governed by UDI permits and the 2003/2021 integration acts.
Immigration to Spain
Immigration to Spain, also known as immigration in Spain, is the settlement of foreign nationals in Spain, which grew from 1.2 million foreign-born residents in 1998 to 6 million a decade later.
Immigration to Sweden
Immigration to Sweden: movement of foreign-born people into Sweden, about 20% of the population. Covers postwar labor migration, the 2015 asylum wave, tightened asylum, work permit, and citizenship rules, EU Pact adaptation from 12 July 2026, and labor market outcomes.
Immigration to the United States
Immigration to the United States: foreign-born population of about 47.8 million (2023), governed by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, with family-sponsored permanent residence the dominant pathway and small long-run native wage effects per the National Academies.
Imperial, royal and noble ranks
Imperial, royal and noble ranks, also called noble ranks, are the graded titles ordering monarchs, their families, and nobility, a system rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
Inah Canabarro Lucas
Inah Canabarro Lucas (Irmã Inah, 1908–2025) was a Brazilian Teresian nun, teacher, and supercentenarian; validated oldest living person from December 2024, last person born in 1908, second-oldest nun ever.
Independent Order of Odd Fellows
Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), fraternal order founded by Thomas Wildey in Baltimore on April 26, 1819; independent of England's Manchester Unity in 1843; motto Friendship, Love, and Truth; peak of 1,898,567 members in 1921.
Index of articles related to African Americans
Indexes of articles related to African Americans: reference tools spanning the National Archives' genealogy finding aids, the JAH's 250-entry article index, Black bibliographies from Du Bois and Monroe Work, and periodical and biographical indexes.
Indian Act
Indian Act: Canadian federal statute (R.S.C. 1985, c. I-5), enacted 1876, defining Indian status, bands, reserves, and band governance for First Nations; last amended 2019 (Bill S-3), with Bill S-2 registration reform pending.
Indian Americans
Indian Americans (Asian Indians) are U.S. residents of Indian ancestry, about 5.2 million people, the second-largest Asian origin group; two-thirds immigrants, high income and education, mostly Democratic-leaning, with a history from Punjabi Sikh migration through the 1965 Immigration Act.
Indian Australians
Indian Australians: people in Australia born in India or of Indian-related ancestry. 673,352 India-born at the 2021 Census, 971,020 by mid-2025, when India became the largest overseas country of birth.
Indian diaspora
Indian diaspora: persons of Indian origin and non-resident Indians living outside India; the world's largest diaspora, over 32 million people, largest emigrant stock, top remittance recipient (USD 125 billion in 2023), shaped by indenture, kangani, and post-1965 skilled migration waves.
Indian indenture in Trinidad
Indian indenture in Trinidad was a contract labor system that brought about 143,000 workers from British India between 1845 and 1917 to work the island's plantations.
Indian people
Indian people: the ~1.45 billion nationals of India, defined by citizenship rather than a single ethnicity; 121 languages in four families, majority Hindu, caste-stratified, with the world's largest diaspora.
Indian reservation
An Indian reservation, also called an American Indian or Native American reservation, is land set aside in the United States as a permanent homeland for one or more tribes.
Indian South Africans
Indian South Africans: a community of over one million people, 2.6% of South Africa's population, descended mainly from indentured workers who arrived in Natal from 1860 and Gujarati 'passenger' traders.
Indian Territory
Indian Territory: US lands west of the Mississippi reserved for removed eastern tribes, now eastern Oklahoma; never formally organized, merged with Oklahoma Territory into the State of Oklahoma on November 16, 1907.
Indians in Kenya
The Indian community in Kenya is a South Asian diaspora of about 80,000, established by migrants arriving since the 1890s as laborers and traders under British rule.
Indians in the United Arab Emirates
Indians in the UAE form the country's largest ethnic community, about 4.3 million people or roughly 35 percent of the population, concentrated in Dubai and the Northern Emirates, with Kerala the most represented origin state.
Indians in Uganda
Indians in Uganda, also called Ugandan Asians, are a South Asian community mostly Gujarati and Punjabi, expelled by Idi Amin in 1972 and later rebuilt.
Indigenous Australians
Indigenous Australians, also called Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples or First Nations peoples, are Australia's original inhabitants, 812,728 people (3.2%) at the 2021 Census, with at least 65,000 years of occupation, 167 home languages, no treaty, and a rejected 2023 Voice referendum.
Indigenous identity fraud in Canada and the United States
Indigenous identity fraud, also called pretendianism, is falsely claiming Indigenous ancestry or identity for jobs, funding, or awards in Canada and the United States. Covers terminology, notable cases, harms, DNA limits, and university verification policies.
Indigenous people of New Guinea
The indigenous people of New Guinea, also called Papuan peoples, are Melanesian populations who have occupied the island for some 50,000 years and speak about 1,000 languages.
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples: over 476 million people in 90-plus countries (6.2% of humanity), defined by self-identification rather than a UN definition; rights under UNDRIP (2007) and ILO Convention 169, and recognized stewardship of a quarter of global land.
Indigenous peoples in Brazil
Indigenous peoples in Brazil (povos indígenas): 1,694,836 people in the 2022 census, 391 ethnicities, 295 languages; land rights under Article 231, demarcation under Decree 1775/96, marco temporal struck down by the STF.
Indigenous peoples in Canada
Indigenous peoples in Canada: the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples recognized in section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982; 1.8 million people (5.0%) at the 2021 Census.
Indigenous peoples in Colombia
Indigenous peoples in Colombia, also called Native Colombians, are about 115 self-recognized aboriginal peoples, 1.9 million people or 4.4 percent of the population in 2018.
Indigenous peoples in Quebec
Indigenous peoples in Quebec comprise 11 recognized nations, 10 First Nations plus the Inuit, in three language families. Key facts: 41 communities, 122,403 registered people (2025), 205,010 census-identified (2021), James Bay Agreement 1975.
Indigenous peoples of Arizona
Indigenous peoples of Arizona: 22 federally recognized Native nations, including the Navajo (Diné), Tohono O'odham, Apache, Hopi, and Yavapai, whose reservations cover nearly a quarter of the state.
Indigenous peoples of California
Indigenous peoples of California: 60+ tribes speaking 78-90 languages, pre-contact population about 300,000-310,000, decline to 15,377 by 1900, and 109 federally recognized tribes today.