127,669 articles
China–Japan relations
China–Japan relations, also called Sino-Japanese relations (中日关系), cover the diplomatic, economic, and security ties between the PRC and Japan since the 1972 Joint Communiqué, marked by the 1978 peace treaty, the Senkaku/Diaoyu dispute, massive trade, and the 2025–2026 crisis over Taiwan remarks.
China–Korea Treaty of 1882
China–Korea Treaty of 1882, the Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade between Chinese and Korean Subjects (中朝商民水陸貿易章程), signed at Tianjin on 1 October 1882 by Li Hongzhang and Korean envoys; an unequal commercial treaty declaring Korea a Qing tributary, superseded in 1894 and replaced by the equal 1899 treaty.
China–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement
The China–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement is a bilateral trade agreement covering goods, services, and investment, signed in Beijing in 2008 and the first comprehensive FTA China signed.
China–North Korea border
China–North Korea border: 1,334 km boundary along the Yalu and Tumen rivers and Mount Paektu, defined by the 1962 Pyongyang treaty and 1964 protocol, jointly managed rivers, unsettled Yellow Sea maritime boundary.
China–North Korea relations
China–North Korea relations: ties between the PRC and DPRK, formalized 1949, anchored by a 1961 mutual defense treaty renewed 2021. China takes about 98% of North Korean trade; the New Yalu River Bridge opened in 2026 after a decade of delay amid a reset driven by North Korea's tilt to Russia.
China–Pakistan relations
China–Pakistan relations: bilateral ties established May 21, 1951, now an all-weather strategic cooperative partnership. Defined by the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC, Gwadar–Kashgar), $23.06 billion trade in 2024, defense cooperation, and shared opposition to India.
China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
The China–South Korea Free Trade Agreement is a bilateral trade treaty signed in June 2015 and in force since December 2015, phasing out tariffs on most goods over 20 years.
China–Switzerland Free Trade Agreement
The China–Switzerland Free Trade Agreement is a bilateral trade treaty signed in Beijing in 2013 and in force since 2014, dismantling tariffs on most goods traded between Switzerland and China.
China–United States relations
China–United States relations cover ties between the PRC and the United States: 1784 first trade, 1844 recognition, 1949 break, 1972 Shanghai Communiqué, 1979 normalization, and the 2018–2026 trade war and truce.
China–United States trade war
The China–United States trade war, also called the US-China trade dispute, is the tariff conflict begun in 2018 over technology and intellectual property, renewed in 2025.
China–Vietnam relations
China–Vietnam relations cover ties between the PRC and Vietnam: 1950 recognition, 1979 war, 1991 normalization, comprehensive strategic partnership, South China Sea disputes, and Vietnam's hedging between China and the US.
China's Destiny
China's Destiny (中国之命运) is a political tract published in March 1943 under Chiang Kai-shek's name and drafted with Tao Xisheng, proclaiming "one party, one doctrine, one leader."
China's WTO Accession
China's WTO Accession (中国加入世界贸易组织) was the People's Republic of China's admission to the World Trade Organization, effective 11 December 2001 as its 143rd member after 15 years of negotiation.
ChinaEquity Group
ChinaEquity Group (信中利) is a Beijing-based venture capital and private equity group founded in May 1999 by Wang Chaoyong, a former Morgan Stanley China head, and known for early investments in Baidu and Sohu.
Chinatown (1974 film)
Chinatown (1974) is a Paramount neo-noir directed by Roman Polanski, written by Robert Towne, starring Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway, and John Huston in a 1937 Los Angeles water-corruption mystery; it won one of 11 Oscar nominations.
Chinatown, San Francisco
Chinatown, San Francisco: oldest Chinatown in North America, founded 1849 during the Gold Rush, rebuilt after the 1906 earthquake; about 24-30 blocks, 32,600+ residents, 4,000 small businesses, second-largest Chinese American community in the US.
Chincha Islands War
Chincha Islands War (Guerra hispano-sudamericana), 1864-1866 conflict after Spain seized Peru's guano-rich Chincha Islands; Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia fought Spain; bombardments of Valparaíso and Callao; peace treaties ran to 1885.
Chincha trade network
The Chincha trade network was the late prehispanic exchange system of Chincha Kingdom merchants on Peru's southern coast, run by balsa raft and llama caravan.
Chindata Group (秦淮数据)
Chindata Group (秦淮数据) is a carrier-neutral hyperscale data-center operator founded in China in 2015, operating as Chindata in China and Bridge Data Centres in Malaysia and India.
Chindits
The Chindits, named for the chinthe temple guardian, were Wingate's British-led long-range penetration force in Burma: Operation Longcloth 1943 (3,000 men) and the airborne Operation Thursday 1944 (about 20,000 men), raiding Japanese supply lines.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院)
The Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院), founded in Beijing in 1949, is China's highest academic institution for science and leads the Nature Index in research output.
Chinese Americans
Chinese Americans are Americans of Chinese ancestry, about 1.7% of the U.S. population and the largest Asian American subgroup. The article covers the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, its 1943 repeal, and documented modern discrimination.
Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism, also called Han Buddhism (汉传佛教), is the Mahayana Buddhist tradition of Chinese-speaking communities, which developed in China into distinct schools, texts, and ritual forms.
Chinese calligraphy
Chinese calligraphy (书法, shufa) is the brush-and-ink art of writing Chinese characters, over 3,000 years old, with five surviving script styles, UNESCO-listed in 2009, and historically ranked above painting among China's visual arts.
Chinese Canadians (加拿大华人)
Chinese Canadians (加拿大华人) are Canadians of Chinese origin, the country's second-largest racialized group: 1.7 million people, 4.7% of the population in 2021, concentrated in Toronto and Vancouver.
Chinese character structures
Chinese character structures (汉字结构) describe how the parts of a Chinese character are organized, from strokes through components to whole characters, classified by the Six Books.
Chinese characters
Chinese characters (汉字; kanji, hanja) are the logographic script of Chinese writing, each character typically recording a morpheme and syllable. Originating in Shang oracle bone script, evolving through seal, clerical, and regular scripts, they spread to Japan, Korea, and Vietnam and now exceed 100,000 encoded forms in Unicode.
Chinese city tier system
The Chinese city tier system is an unofficial classification grouping Chinese cities by economic strength and commercial attractiveness. Tier 1 means Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen; Yicai's annual ranking scores 337 cities on five criteria.
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War (国共内战) was the armed conflict between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party, ending in 1949 with Communist victory on the mainland.
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党) is the political party founded in Shanghai in 1921 through early communist groups across China, with Chen Duxiu elected first secretary of its Central Bureau.