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Chinese Communist Revolution
The Chinese Communist Revolution (中国共产革命) ended with the CCP under Mao Zedong defeating the Kuomintang in the 1946–1949 civil war and founding the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, powered by land reform and Nationalist strategic failure.
Chinese contract law
Chinese contract law is codified in Book III of China's Civil Code, effective 2021, replacing the 1999 Contract Law; its 29 chapters cover general provisions, 18 typical contracts, and quasi-contracts.
Chinese Cubans
Chinese Cubans, Cubans of Chinese ancestry (culí-era descendants of the 1847–1874 coolie trade, about 141,000 indentured Guangdong laborers), later free migrants, Havana's Barrio Chino, independence-war service, and post-1959 decline and revival.
Chinese dragon
Chinese dragon (long, 龙, loong): mythical composite creature of Chinese legend controlling rain and water, symbol of imperial power, fifth and only mythical zodiac animal, attested in Shang oracle bone script.
Chinese Dream (中国梦)
The Chinese Dream (中国梦, zhongguo meng) is Xi Jinping's signature ideology, promoted since November 2012, centered on the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, tied to the two centenaries and contrasted with the individualist American Dream.
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway (中东铁路) was a railway in northeastern China built by Russia, opened in 1903, and sold to Manchukuo in 1935 before returning to China in 1952.
Chinese economic thought
Chinese economic thought is the continuous tradition of reflection on markets, taxation, money, and the state's economic role, running from the Warring States period through imperial statecraft to reform-era debates.
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act, signed May 6, 1882, suspended Chinese laborer immigration for ten years, barred Chinese naturalization, was extended by the Scott and Geary Acts, and was repealed by the 1943 Magnuson Act with a 105-person quota.
Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion, also called Chinese traditional religion, is the communal, non-institutionalized religion of Chinese communities, centered on worship of deities at temples and household shrines.
Chinese folklore
Chinese folklore (中国民间文学) is the oral tradition of myths, legends, tales, epics, songs and proverbs transmitted by the populace, and the scholarly field (民俗学) founded at Peking University's May Fourth-era Ballads weekly, now documented in national collections and intangible heritage lists.
Chinese garden (中国园林)
Chinese garden (中国园林): traditional Chinese landscape gardens recreating nature in miniature with rocks, water, plants, and buildings; spans Zhou hunting parks to Suzhou scholar gardens and the Summer Palace, shaping East Asian garden art.
Chinese given name
Chinese given name (名): the personal name after the surname, usually one or two characters. Two-character names dominated for a millennium, lost ground to one-character names peaking in the 1980s, then regained dominance in the 1990s; generation names declined after 1950.
Chinese gods and immortals
Chinese gods and immortals (shenxian 神仙) are the deities and deathless cultivated beings of Chinese religion. Covers the shen/xian distinction, pre-Qin origins, the Daoist ten-tier pantheon, Jade Emperor, Eight Immortals, Mazu and Guan Yu deification, and modern belief levels.
Chinese government sanctions
Chinese government sanctions: unilateral punitive measures and countermeasures by the PRC, built on the Unreliable Entity List (2020), Blocking Rules, and Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (2021); mostly US targets, Taiwan/Hong Kong/Xinjiang triggers.
Chinese grammar
Chinese grammar (Mandarin grammar, 普通话语法): the grammar of Modern Standard Mandarin, an isolating, topic-prominent Sinitic language with aspect particles like 了 instead of tense, topic+subject+predicate order, and ba/bei constructions.
Chinese historiography
Chinese historiography (中国史学), the Chinese tradition of history-writing, from the Shangshu, Chunqiu, and Zuozhuan through Sima Qian's Shiji and the Twenty-Four Dynastic Histories to Liang Qichao's 1902 new history and modern Marxist and reform-era schools.
Chinese hyperinflation 1948-49
The Chinese hyperinflation of 1948–49 was the terminal collapse of the Nationalist government's fabi and gold yuan currencies, with Shanghai prices rising tens of thousands of times.
Chinese immigration to Brazil
Chinese immigration to Brazil is the migration of people from China to Brazil, beginning in 1809 and growing greatly from the 1970s; an estimated 250,000 to 280,000 lived in Brazil as of 2024.
Chinese immigration to the Straits Settlements
Chinese immigration to the Straits Settlements was the large-scale movement of migrants from southern China to the British territories of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore in the 19th century.
Chinese indenture in the Caribbean
Chinese indenture in the Caribbean was a system of contract plantation labor, chiefly in the mid-nineteenth century, that brought workers from China to sugar estates in Cuba and other colonies.
Chinese Indonesians
Chinese Indonesians (Orang Tionghoa Indonesia) are people of Chinese descent in Indonesia, the world's largest Chinese diaspora at roughly 2-4% of the population; defined by colonial-era migration, New Order assimilation, the 1965 and 1998 violence, and post-1998 citizenship reform.
Chinese infrastructure projects in Angola
Chinese infrastructure projects in Angola are roads, railways, hospitals, and housing built since 2002 with about $46 billion in Chinese loans repaid through oil deliveries.
Chinese Internet slang
Chinese Internet slang (网络流行语, wangluo liuxingyu) is informal vocabulary born on Weibo, Bilibili, Douyin, and Xiaohongshu, built from homophones, pinyin acronyms, numbers, and dialect puns, shaped by censorship recoding and now accelerated by generative AI.
Chinese intervention in the Korean War
The Chinese intervention in the Korean War was the entry of large Chinese People's Volunteer forces against United Nations troops in late 1950, first engaging UN units on 25 October.
Chinese Jamaicans
Chinese Jamaicans are Jamaicans of Chinese ancestry, mostly Hakka from Guangdong, beginning with 472 arrivals from Panama in 1854; indenture peaked 1853-1866, shopkeeping defined the community, riots struck 1918, 1938, 1965, and descendants now run supermarkets, hotels, and banks.
Chinese Journal of International Law
Chinese Journal of International Law (《中国国际法论刊》, Chinese JIL), a peer-reviewed English quarterly founded in 2002, published by Oxford University Press since 2005, SSCI-indexed, focused on China and Asia.
Chinese kin
Chinese kin (宗族 zongzu, 家族 jiazu): the patrilineal kinship system of China, its finely differentiated terminology, lineage organizations, Fei Xiaotong's analysis, and its persistence and change in contemporary urbanizing China.
Chinese law
Chinese law: the socialist, civil-law-based legal system of the PRC, headed by the 1982 Constitution, with NPC statutes, State Council regulations, a four-level court system, the 2020 Civil Code, and state-owned land with use rights.
Chinese Manichaean manuscripts
Chinese Manichaean manuscripts are the small body of Chinese-language texts transmitting Manichaeism in East Asia, chiefly three Tang-dynasty scrolls from the Dunhuang library cave and documents found at Xiapu, Fujian, since 2008.
Chinese mythology
Chinese mythology (中国神话) is the body of myths of China and its ethnic traditions, preserved in fragmented texts like the Shanhaijing and in living oral traditions, with figures such as Pangu, Nüwa, and Fuxi emerging at different historical moments.