All articles starting with L
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Lipton
Lipton is a global tea brand founded by Sir Thomas Lipton in Glasgow in 1871, known for Yellow Label black tea sold in over 100 countries. Packaged tea is owned by LIPTON Teas and Infusions (CVC Capital Partners, since 2022); iced tea sits in the PepsiCo-Unilever Pepsi Lipton joint venture.
Lipua-Lipua
Lipua-Lipua was a Congolese rumba orchestra formed in Kinshasa in 1973 from members of Bella Bella, best known for the hit 'Kamale' sung by Nyboma.
Liqid Inc.
Liqid Inc. is a privately held composable-infrastructure company in Golden, Colorado, selling PCIe and CXL hardware and Matrix software that dynamically composes GPUs, CPUs, memory, and storage.
Liquation
Liquation is a metallurgical separation method in which an alloy is heated until one constituent melts and drains away, used historically to separate silver from copper with lead.
Liquefaction potential index
The liquefaction potential index (LPI) is a geotechnical index, proposed by Iwasaki et al. in 1978, that rates the severity of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction at a site.
Liquefaction train
A liquefaction train is one complete refrigeration line at an LNG plant that cools natural gas to about −162 °C, turning it into liquefied natural gas.
Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas, mostly methane, cooled to about -260 degrees Fahrenheit into a liquid 600 times smaller in volume, enabling shipment across oceans by tanker.
Liquefied natural gas as bunker fuel
Liquefied natural gas as bunker fuel is the use of natural gas, chilled to a liquid, as fuel for ship engines instead of oil-based marine fuels.
Liquefied petroleum gas
Liquefied petroleum gas, or LP gas, is a fuel of mainly propane and butane, stored as a liquid under pressure and used for cooking, heating, and transport.
Liqueur
Liqueur: sweetened, flavoured distilled spirit (also called cordial in the US), 15-40% ABV typically, EU minimum 15% vol and 100 g/L sugar; includes herbal, fruit, bitter, and cream types.
Liquid
A liquid is a state of matter whose particles stay in close contact but slide past one another, so it flows, takes its container's shape, and resists compression.
Liquid 2 Ventures
Liquid 2 Ventures is a San Francisco venture capital firm founded in 2015 by Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana with entrepreneurs Michael Ma and Michael Miller.
Liquid AI
Liquid AI is an artificial intelligence company spun out of MIT's CSAIL, founded by Ramin Hasani, Mathias Lechner, Alexander Amini, and Daniela Rus, emerging from stealth in 2023.
Liquid air energy storage
Liquid air energy storage, also called cryogenic energy storage, is a grid-scale technology that stores surplus electricity as liquid air and regasifies it to generate power.
Liquid biopsy
A liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive diagnostic method that analyzes circulating tumor DNA and cells in blood to detect cancer, guide treatment selection, and monitor recurrence after surgery.
Liquid breathing
Liquid breathing: respiration using oxygenated perfluorocarbon liquid instead of gas, also called liquid ventilation (TLV, PLV). Studied since 1962 for ARDS and neonatal lung injury; not proven in human trials, now tested for rapid cooling after cardiac arrest.
Liquid carbon dioxide
Liquid carbon dioxide, or liquid CO2, is carbon dioxide held liquid by pressure between −56.6 and 31.0 °C, used in food freezing, fire suppression, cleaning, and refrigeration.
Liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography (LC) is an analytical technique that separates mixtures by passing a liquid mobile phase through a stationary phase, identifying and quantifying each component.
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, or LC-MS, is an analytical technique combining liquid chromatography separation with mass spectrometry detection, widely used in pharmaceutical, environmental, and food analysis.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) couples liquid chromatographic separation with two stages of mass analysis, and is the gold standard for quantitative bioanalysis, clinical diagnostics, and environmental testing.
Liquid consonant
Liquid consonants are the phonological class of lateral approximants (l-sounds) and rhotics (r-sounds), defined by shared alternation, phonotactics, and coarticulatory resistance; found in 95.9% of UPSID languages.
Liquid cooling
Liquid cooling is an engineering technique that circulates liquid coolant through cold plates or immersion tanks to remove heat from components such as microprocessors, batteries, and power electronics.
Liquid crystal
A liquid crystal is a state of matter that flows like a liquid while retaining molecular order, discovered in 1888 and best known today for liquid crystal displays.
Liquid crystal defect
A liquid crystal defect is a localized region in a liquid crystal where molecular orientational order is singular or sharply distorted, including point defects and line disclinations.
Liquid crystal elastomer
A liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) is a lightly crosslinked polymer network combining rubber elasticity with liquid crystal order, deforming reversibly under heat, light, or electric fields.
Liquid crystal elastomer actuator
A liquid crystal elastomer actuator is a soft actuator whose rubbery liquid crystal network reversibly contracts 20 to 80 percent when heated, lit, or electrically driven.
Liquid crystal on silicon
Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is a reflective microdisplay technology in which liquid crystal sits on a silicon backplane, used chiefly in projectors and augmented reality headsets.
Liquid crystal skyrmions
Skyrmions in liquid crystals are micrometer-scale, twist-like distortions of the director field carrying topological charge, imaged directly by optical microscopy and created with light, electric fields, or heat.
Liquid crystal thermography
Liquid crystal thermography is an optical temperature-measurement technique in which thermochromic liquid crystals coated on a surface change color with temperature, yielding full-field temperature maps.
Liquid Death
Liquid Death (Supplying Demand, Inc.) is a Los Angeles canned-beverage brand founded by Mike Cessario, selling mountain water, sparkling water, iced tea, and energy drinks in beer-style aluminum cans under "Murder Your Thirst" heavy metal branding, reaching a $1.4 billion valuation and 133,000+ retail doors.