All articles starting with P
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Problem Child 2
Problem Child 2 is a 1991 American black comedy directed by Brian Levant and starring John Ritter, in which seven-year-old Junior sabotages his father Ben's dating in Mortville.
Problem Children Are Coming from Another World, Aren't They? (問題児たちが異世界から来るそうですよ?)
Mondaiji-tachi ga Isekai kara Kuru Sō Desu yo? (Problem Children Are Coming from Another World, Aren't They?) is a Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko light novel series (2011–2015) by Tarō Tatsunoko and Yū Amano about three gifted youths in Little Garden's Gift Games, with a 2013 ten-episode Diomedéa anime and a sequel, Last Embryo, on hiatus.
Problem gambling
Problem gambling is gambling behavior causing harm to the gambler or others, from risky play to gambling disorder (DSM-5, ICD-11). WHO estimates 1.2% of adults have the disorder; harmful gamblers generate about 60% of losses.
Problem of evil
The problem of evil is the philosophical problem of how evil and suffering can coexist with, or count against, an omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly good God.
Problem of Hell
The problem of hell is a problem of evil in philosophy of religion, arguing that eternal conscious punishment in hell is incompatible with, or evidence against, a perfectly good God.
Problem of induction
The problem of induction, from Hume's Treatise (1739) and Enquiry (1748), is the challenge of justifying inferences from observed to unobserved cases; demonstrative arguments fail and probable arguments are circular.
Problem of time
The problem of time is a conceptual obstacle in quantum gravity: time plays fundamentally different roles in general relativity and quantum theory, blocking a single framework.
Problem of universals
The problem of universals, also called the problem of one and many, asks whether properties, kinds, and relations exist independently of particulars, and how they relate to the things that have them.
Problem solving
Problem solving: the cognitive process of moving from a given state to a goal state when no solution method is known. Covers problem space theory (Newell and Simon), heuristics, working memory limits, insight, and complex problem solving research.
Problem statement
A problem statement is a declarative description of the gap between a current state and a desired state, used to justify work on closing it.
Problem Video Game Playing Questionnaire
Problem Video Game Playing Questionnaire (PVP, Problem Video Game Playing Scale), a nine-item yes/no self-report screen for problematic gaming by Tejeiro Salguero and Bersabé Morán, validated on Spanish adolescents, scored problematic at six or more positive answers.
Problem-based learning
Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centred method originating at McMaster University's medical school in 1969, in which small groups with a tutor facilitator learn by resolving problems before formal study; distinct from project-based learning and the Harvard case method.
Problem-oriented medical record
The problem-oriented medical record (POMR) is a method of organizing medical records around a patient's problem list, introduced by Lawrence L. Weed in his 1968 New England Journal of Medicine paper.
Problem-solving skills training
Problem-solving skills training (PSST) is a structured cognitive-behavioral method, introduced by Alan Kazdin in 1987, that teaches clients to solve personal and interpersonal problems step by step.
Problem-solving therapy
Problem-solving therapy (PST) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that trains clients to define problems, generate and evaluate solutions, and cope with stressors, best established as a treatment for depression in 4 to 12 sessions.
Problematic Men (문제적 남자)
Problematic Men (문제적 남자, Brain Sexy Era – Problematic Men) was a tvN Korean quiz talk show (2015–2020, 224 episodes) where six high-credential male celebrities and guests solved logic and math puzzles, reaching 4.006% ratings.
Problemi
Problemi is a Slovene scholarly and cultural journal founded in Ljubljana in 1962, where Slavoj Žižek began his career and the Ljubljana School of Lacanian psychoanalysis formed.
Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics
Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics (Проблемы поэтики Достоевского) is a 1963 book by Mikhail Bakhtin that analyzes Dostoevsky's novels and introduced polyphony, dialogue, and carnivalization to literary studies.
Probo (robot)
Probo is a huggable social robot with white fur, expressive eyes, and a trunk, developed at the Vrije Université Brussel and used in robot-assisted therapy for children with autism.
Proboscidea
Proboscidea is the mammal order of elephants and their extinct relatives (mammoths, mastodons, gomphotheres, deinotheres). Originating in Africa about 60 million years ago, it once held 175 species in 10 families; only three elephant species survive.
Proboscis
Proboscis: an elongated, flexible anterior body projection used in feeding or sensing; seen in elephants, tapirs, butterflies, cone snails, nemerteans, and flatworms, with independent evolutionary origins across phyla.
Proboscis lateralis
Proboscis lateralis (congenital tubular nose) is a rare congenital anomaly in which one side of the external nose fails to form and is replaced by a 2–3 cm tubular appendage at the medial canthus, usually with ipsilateral nasal and ocular defects.
Proboscis monkey
Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus, bekantan), a large endangered colobine monkey endemic to Borneo's mangrove and riverine lowlands, known for the male's pendulous nose over 10 cm, foregut fermentation, strong swimming, and declining populations.
Probot
Probot was Dave Grohl's one-off metal side project: he wrote and recorded instrumentals, and vocalists like Lemmy, Cronos, Max Cavalera, and King Diamond added lyrics. Self-titled album released February 10, 2004 on Southern Lord.
Probucol
Probucol is a synthetic lipid-lowering and antioxidant drug that lowers LDL cholesterol but also lowers HDL; withdrawn in the United States in 1995, it remains in use in Japan.
Probus (emperor)
Marcus Aurelius Probus (c. 232 Sirmium - 282) was Roman emperor 276-282, proclaimed by eastern armies after Tacitus; he defeated Germanic invaders, settled barbarians, restored the Nile canals, and was killed by his own troops after Carus usurped.
Proca equation
The Proca equation is the relativistic wave equation for a massive spin-1 particle, proposed by Alexandru Proca in 1936 as a massive generalization of Maxwell's equations.
Procainamide
Procainamide, a class IA sodium channel blocker and amide analog of procaine, treats life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and stable VT; known for lupus-like syndrome, QT prolongation, and PROCAMIO trial superiority over amiodarone.
Procaine
Procaine (Novocain) is an aminoester local anesthetic synthesized by Alfred Einhorn in 1905; it blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, is hydrolyzed by plasma butyrylcholinesterase to PABA, and dominated local anesthesia until lidocaine (1948).
Procaine benzylpenicillin
Procaine benzylpenicillin, also called procaine penicillin G, is an injectable antibiotic that combines penicillin G with the local anesthetic procaine, released slowly from an intramuscular depot injection.