208 articles
Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a self-curing acrylic grout, mixed from liquid monomer and powder in the operating room, used to fix hip and knee prostheses to living bone.
Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a surgical procedure that replaces a torn PCL, the knee's largest intra-articular ligament, with a tendon graft to restore posterior knee stability.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a spinal operation that stabilizes a painful lumbar segment by removing the disc and packing the space with bone graft in bilateral cages.
Primary arthroplasty
Primary arthroplasty is the replacement of a joint with prosthetic components performed as a first operation in that joint, done chiefly to relieve pain and restore function in osteoarthritis.
PROQUAP trial
PROQUAP (NCT02114840) is a Chilean randomized trial by Universidad de La Frontera comparing preservation, repair, and non-repair of the pronator quadratus muscle during volar plating of distal radius fractures, with 150 planned participants.
Reamer-irrigator-aspirator
The reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) is a surgical system that reams the long-bone canal while irrigating and aspirating debris, lowering embolic load and collecting autologous bone graft.
Resection arthroplasty
Resection arthroplasty is an orthopedic operation that removes damaged joint surfaces or a prosthesis without replacing them, mainly to eradicate infection; the hip form is the Girdlestone procedure.
Resurfacing arthroplasty
Resurfacing arthroplasty is a hip operation in which only the damaged joint surfaces are replaced, preserving the femoral neck; it suits younger patients with arthritis.
Revision ACL reconstruction
Revision ACL reconstruction is surgery replacing a failed ACL graft with a new graft to restore knee stability; up to 13,000 are performed yearly in the United States.
Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is surgery that replaces a failed prior ACL graft with a new one, done in one or two stages, with worse outcomes than primary reconstruction.
Revision arthroplasty
Revision arthroplasty is surgery to replace or repair a failed joint prosthesis, such as a hip or knee replacement, caused by loosening, infection, or wear.
Rigid fixation
Rigid fixation is a surgical fracture technique providing absolute stability through compression with lag screws and plates, allowing direct bone healing without callus and early mobilization of the limb.
rKA-KA-TKA trial
rKA-TKA (restricted kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty), introduced by Vendittoli in 2011, restores native knee alignment within safe zones of HKA ±3° and ±5° component angles; randomized trials versus mechanical alignment show better KSS and WOMAC but similar OKS, KOOS, and FJS.
Robert B. Salter
Robert Bruce Salter (1924–2010) was a Canadian pediatric orthopedic surgeon at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children known for the Salter–Harris fracture classification and the innominate osteotomy.
Rotator cuff repair
Rotator cuff repair is a surgical procedure that reattaches a torn rotator cuff tendon to its footprint on the humerus, aiming to relieve pain and restore shoulder strength and motion.
Sacrectomy
Sacrectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the sacrum, performed in orthopedic oncology mainly for sacral chordoma and recurrent rectal cancer, ranging from partial to total resection.
Scarf osteotomy
The scarf osteotomy is a Z-shaped cut of the first metatarsal bone used to correct hallux valgus, or bunions, with greater correction power than the chevron cut.
Short-segment fixation
Short-segment fixation is a posterior spinal technique placing pedicle screws only one level above and below a fractured vertebra, shortening operations and reducing blood loss.
Shortening osteotomy
Shortening osteotomy is a reconstructive operation that removes a segment of a long bone to shorten the limb, most often to equalize leg lengths or correct deformity.
Shoulder arthroplasty
Shoulder arthroplasty replaces the arthritic shoulder joint with a prosthesis, in anatomic, hemiarthroplasty, and reverse forms; the reverse design, published by Grammont in 1993, compensates for a torn rotator cuff.
Shoulder arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique using an arthroscope inserted through small portals to diagnose and repair conditions inside the shoulder joint, including rotator cuff tears and labral damage.
Shoulder Prosthesis
Shoulder prosthesis: artificial joint for shoulder replacement (arthroplasty). Anatomic designs mimic natural ball-and-socket; reverse designs switch ball and socket so the deltoid replaces a damaged rotator cuff. First implanted 1893; reverse FDA-approved 2003; reverse shows lower revision rates, anatomic better external rotation.
Shoulder replacement
Shoulder replacement, or shoulder arthroplasty, is an orthopedic operation replacing the damaged surfaces of the shoulder joint with prosthetic implants, most often for osteoarthritis or a deficient rotator cuff.
Skeletal traction
Skeletal traction is an orthopedic treatment in which a pin or wire inserted directly into bone applies a steady pulling force to align a fracture or immobilize a limb.
SLAP repair
SLAP repair is an arthroscopic surgical procedure that reattaches a torn superior glenoid labrum, where the tear involves the biceps anchor, to the glenoid rim using suture anchors.
Spinal decompression
Spinal decompression is a family of surgical procedures that relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots by removing bone, ligament, or disc material.
Spinal fixation
Spinal fixation is a surgical procedure that immobilizes segments of the spine with implants such as pedicle screws, rods, and cages to stabilize fractures and correct deformity.
Spondylectomy
Spondylectomy is a spine surgical procedure that removes an entire affected vertebra, usually en bloc, to treat primary malignant or aggressive benign spinal tumors and selected metastases.
Subchondral Arthroplasty
Subchondral arthroplasty (Arthroplasty, Subchondral, MeSH D054544) is the group of marrow-stimulation surgeries, abrasion arthroplasty, subchondral drilling, and microfracture, that perforate subchondral bone to fill cartilage defects with fibrocartilage.
Subscapularis repair
Subscapularis repair is a surgical technique that reattaches a torn subscapularis tendon to its footprint on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus, performed arthroscopically or open, usually with suture anchors.