208 articles
Hemilaminectomy
A hemilaminectomy is a spinal decompression procedure that removes bone on one side of a vertebral arch, used in dogs for disc extrusion and in humans for lumbar stenosis.
Henry Hugh Clutton
Henry Hugh Clutton (1850–1909) was an English surgeon at St Thomas's Hospital whose 1886 Lancet description of painless knee effusions in congenital syphilis gave medicine "Clutton's joints".
Hip arthroscopy
Hip arthroscopy is a keyhole surgical procedure of the hip joint, performed mainly for femoroacetabular impingement; about 50,000 are done annually in the United States.
Hip resurfacing
Hip resurfacing is a hip arthritis operation that caps the femoral head with a metal shell instead of removing it, preserving bone and suiting younger, active patients.
Ilizarov technique
The Ilizarov technique, or Ilizarov method, is an orthopedic technique developed in Kurgan, Soviet Union, that uses a circular external fixator and gradual distraction to lengthen limbs, correct deformities, and heal nonunions.
Induced membrane technique
The induced membrane technique is a two-stage orthopedic procedure for large bone defects, described by Alain Masquelet: a cement spacer induces a membrane later filled with bone graft.
Interlaminar discectomy
Interlaminar discectomy is a spine operation removing herniated lumbar disc material through the natural gap between laminae, decompressing nerve roots to relieve sciatic leg pain.
Internal fixation
Internal fracture fixation, combined with surgical realignment as open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), holds broken bones together with implanted screws, plates, wires, or rods inside the body.
Interposition arthroplasty
Interposition arthroplasty is a joint reconstruction technique in which soft tissue or spacer material is placed between resected bone surfaces to relieve pain and preserve motion.
Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis
Intervertebral disc chemolysis (chemonucleolysis): intradiscal enzyme injection to shrink herniated nucleus pulposus. Agents include chymopapain (withdrawn), condoliase (Japan, 2018), gelified ethanol, oxygen-ozone, collagenase.
Intramedullary nail fixation
Intramedullary nail fixation is a surgical technique that stabilizes long-bone fractures with a metal rod in the marrow canal, the standard for femoral and tibial shaft fractures.
Intramedullary nailing
Intramedullary nailing is a surgical technique for fixing long-bone fractures in which a metal rod is inserted into the marrow canal and secured with locking screws.
Intramedullary screw fixation
Intramedullary screw fixation is an orthopedic technique that stabilizes unstable metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the hand with a headless compression screw placed in the bone's medullary canal.
IO TXA trial
IO TXA trial: randomized trials of intraosseous regional tranexamic acid versus intravenous TXA in total joint arthroplasty; 2026 TKA trial (NCT07614087 pharmacokinetics) showed less blood loss but a possible DVT signal.
Joint replacement
Joint replacement, or arthroplasty, is an orthopedic operation in which the damaged surfaces of a joint, usually the hip or knee, are replaced with prosthetic components to relieve pain and restore function.
K-wire fixation
K-wire fixation is an orthopedic technique in which thin Kirschner wires are drilled through bone to hold fractures in alignment while they heal, mainly in the hand.
Knee arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive orthopedic procedure in which a camera and miniature instruments are inserted through small incisions to diagnose and treat injuries inside the knee joint.
Kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure in which a balloon is inflated inside a fractured vertebra to restore height before bone cement is injected, treating painful compression fractures.
Labral reconstruction
Labral reconstruction is an arthroscopic procedure that rebuilds a damaged hip or shoulder labrum with graft tissue when the native labrum is too damaged to repair, restoring the joint's suction seal.
Labral repair
Labral repair is a surgical procedure, usually arthroscopic, that reattaches a torn labrum to its bony attachment in the hip or shoulder rather than removing it.
Laminoplasty
Laminoplasty, or cervical laminoplasty, is a posterior cervical spine operation that hinges open the laminae to decompress the spinal cord without fusion, developed in Japan in the 1980s.
Laminotomy
A laminotomy is a spinal decompression operation removing part of one lamina to relieve pressure on the thecal sac or a nerve root, preserving more structure than laminectomy.
Latarjet procedure
The Latarjet procedure stabilizes a shoulder with recurrent anterior instability by transferring the coracoid process and its attached tendon to the glenoid, fixed with screws.
Ligament reconstruction
Ligament reconstruction is a surgical procedure that replaces a torn ligament, such as the knee's ACL, with a tendon graft passed through bone tunnels to restore stability.
Locking plate fixation
Locking plate fixation, also called volar locking plate fixation, is a surgical technique in which screw heads thread into the plate, forming a fixed-angle construct that stabilizes fractures.
Lumbar discectomy
Lumbar discectomy is a surgical procedure that removes herniated disc material pressing on a nerve root in the lower spine, relieving the leg pain of sciatica.
Lumbar interbody fusion
Lumbar interbody fusion is a spine operation that removes a damaged lumbar disc and inserts a cage or bone graft so the vertebrae fuse into one solid block.
Lumbar laminectomy
A lumbar laminectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the spinous process and lamina of a lower-spine vertebra to decompress nerves compressed by spinal stenosis.
Manual reduction
Manual reduction, also called closed reduction, is a procedure in which a physician manipulates a fractured bone or dislocated joint through intact skin to restore alignment.
Masquelet technique
The Masquelet technique, also called the induced membrane technique, is a two-stage operation for large bone defects using a cement spacer that induces a membrane hosting a bone graft.