640 articles
Bicyclol
Bicyclol (双环醇, trade name Baisainuo) is a synthetic hepatoprotective drug developed in China, approved there in 2001, used to lower elevated aminotransferases in chronic hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and drug-induced liver injury.
Bile acid sequestrant
Bile acid sequestrants (BAS, bile acid resins): cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam. Non-absorbed cationic polymer gels binding bile acids in the gut, lowering LDL-C 15-30%, also improving glycemic control.
Birch pollen allergen skin prick test solution
白桦花粉变应原皮肤点刺液 (Skin Prick Solution for Betula platyphylla Suk. Pollen Allergens), NMPA-approved May 2023 (国药准字S20230023) by Zhejiang Wolwo Bio-Pharmaceutical; 50000 DU/ml birch pollen extract for skin prick diagnosis of type I birch pollen allergy.
Bisoprolol
Bisoprolol, a beta1-selective cardioselective beta-blocker (bisoprolol fumarate), treats hypertension and chronic heart failure; CIBIS-II showed mortality reduction (HR 0.66), making it one of three evidence-based heart failure beta-blockers.
Bixalomer
Bixalomer (ASP1585, AMG 223, ILY-101; Kiklin) is a non-calcium, metal-free amine polymer phosphate binder by Astellas/Ilypsa for hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis, non-inferior to sevelamer HCl and reducing coronary calcification versus calcium carbonate.
Bocidelpar
Bocidelpar (ASP0367, bocidelpar sulfate, formerly MA-0211) is an oral selective PPARδ modulator by Astellas/Mitobridge for mitochondrial myopathy and DMD; phase 2 MOUNTAINSIDE was terminated.
Bofanglutide
Bofanglutide (博凡格鲁肽, GZR18) is Gan & Lee's investigational biweekly GLP-1 receptor agonist for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and OSA; GRADUAL-1 showed 18.54% weight loss at 52 weeks, with NMPA marketing application accepted September 2026.
Bretylium
Bretylium (bretylium tosylate, Bretylol), an adrenergic neuronal blocking class III antiarrhythmic injected for resistant ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation; removed from ACLS guidelines in 2000 and now largely unavailable.
Buflomedil
Buflomedil (Loftyl) is a vasoactive alpha-adrenolytic vasodilator once used for stage II peripheral arterial occlusive disease symptoms in Europe from the 1970s; the EMA suspended all EU marketing authorisations in 2012 over serious neurological and cardiac toxicity and limited efficacy.
Buformin
Buformin (1-butylbiguanide) is a biguanide antidiabetic drug reported in 1958 by Beringer, used mainly in Germany, and withdrawn in most countries in the late 1970s for lactic acidosis risk; it remains available in Romania.
Bumetanide
Bumetanide (BUM, BTN) is a potent loop diuretic synthesized by Peter W. Feit at Leo Pharma in 1969, marketed from 1972; 1 mg equals about 40 mg furosemide, inhibits NKCC1/NKCC2, and treats edema in heart, liver, and kidney disease.
Bunazosin
Bunazosin (Detantol R) is a quinazoline alpha-1 adrenoceptor blocker used orally for hypertension and topically to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, improving ocular blood flow.
BW-20829 (DII235)
BW-20829 (DII235) is an investigational GalNAc siRNA from Argo Biopharma, licensed to Novartis, that silences hepatic Lp(a) production; first patient dosed January 2026 in the global Phase 2b trial NCT07235046.
Caficrestat
Caficrestat (AT-001) is an orally active, highly selective aldose reductase inhibitor from Applied Therapeutics tested in the Phase 3 ARISE-HF trial for diabetic cardiomyopathy; the primary endpoint was not met.
Calcium glubionate anhydrous
Calcium glubionate anhydrous (calcium gluconogalactogluconate, UNII 3CF7K0SD0Q) is a water-soluble calcium salt of gluconic and lactobionic acids used as an oral syrup and injectable supplement for hypocalcemia, with only 7% elemental calcium by weight.
Calcium gluceptate
Calcium gluceptate, also known by the international nonproprietary name calcium glucoheptonate, is a soluble calcium salt used as a supplement to treat and prevent hypocalcemia.
Calcium gluconate
Calcium gluconate, the calcium salt of gluconic acid, is an IV and oral calcium replenisher for hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia cardiotoxicity, and hydrofluoric acid burns; first isolated 1880, US approval 1941, safer than calcium chloride peripherally.
Canagliflozin
Canagliflozin (Invokana) is an SGLT2 inhibitor approved in the US in 2013 for type 2 diabetes, later for cardiovascular and kidney risk reduction; CANVAS and CREDENCE trials established its benefits, and its 2017 amputation boxed warning was removed in 2020.
Candesartan
Candesartan (Atacand, candesartan cilexetil) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker approved in 1998 for hypertension and heart failure; selective AT1 blocker dosed 8–32 mg once daily.
Cangrelor
Cangrelor (Kengreal, Kengrexal) is a rapid-onset, reversible intravenous P2Y12 platelet inhibitor used as an adjunct to PCI and for bridging to surgery; FDA approved 2015 after the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial.
Canrenoate
Canrenoate (canrenoic acid; potassium canrenoate, Soldactone) is a steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist prodrug converted to canrenone, given orally or intravenously for aldosterone blockade in heart failure and hypertension, with scarce trial evidence.
Canrenone
Canrenone (Aldadiene, SC-9376) is a synthetic steroid lactone that blocks aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor, acting as a potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure and hypertension and marketed in countries including Italy and Belgium.
Captopril
Captopril (Capoten, SQ 14,225) is the first orally active ACE inhibitor, designed rationally at Squibb by Cushman and Ondetti in 1974-75 from carboxypeptidase A inhibitor models, used for hypertension, heart failure, post-MI dysfunction, and diabetic nephropathy.
Carbetocin
Carbetocin (Duratocin, Pabal) is a long-acting synthetic oxytocin analogue, 100 μg IM/IV, used to prevent postpartum haemorrhage; its heat-stable formulation needs no refrigeration and is WHO-recommended where cold chains fail.
Carbimazole
Carbimazole, a thionamide prodrug of methimazole (thiamazole), treats hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis. UK/Europe standard first-line drug for Graves' disease; not approved in the US; key risks agranulocytosis, pancreatitis, teratogenicity.
Cardiac glycoside
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, ouabain) are Na+/K+-ATPase-inhibiting steroids from foxglove, oleander, and toads that raise cardiac contractility; used for atrial fibrillation rate control and HFrEF symptoms, with narrow therapeutic index and mortality-neutral randomized evidence.
Carglumic acid
Carglumic acid (Carbaglu, Ucedane; N-carbamoyl-L-glutamic acid) is an N-acetylglutamate analogue that activates CPS1 to treat hyperammonaemia in NAGS deficiency and organic acidaemias, dosed 100-250 mg/kg/day.
Carvedilol
Carvedilol (Coreg) is a nonselective beta blocker with alpha1-blocker vasodilator and antioxidant activity; first adrenoreceptor blocker approved for heart failure (US 1997), one of three mortality-reducing beta blockers in HFrEF.
Celiprolol
Celiprolol (Cardem) is a third-generation beta-blocker with beta1-antagonist, beta2-agonist, and alpha2-antagonist actions, used for hypertension and angina and as the leading drug for vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in Europe; not approved in the US.
Celivarone
Celivarone (SSR149744C, ATI-2042) is an investigational noniodinated benzofuran antiarrhythmic related to amiodarone; it failed to show significant efficacy in the ALPHEE, MAIA, and CORYFEE trials.