25,729 articles
Electromagnetic articulography
Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) is a biomedical technique that tracks tongue, lip, and jaw movements during speech with sensor coils, supporting phonetic research and clinical assessment.
Electromagnetic radiation and health
Electromagnetic radiation and health: how ionizing radiation (X-rays, gamma) and non-ionizing radiation (radiofrequency, power fields) affect the body, dose thresholds, cancer evidence, IARC Group 2B, and ICNIRP exposure limits.
Electromechanical wave imaging
Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is a noninvasive, non-ionizing ultrasound method using frame rates up to 2000 per second to map the heart's contraction sequence and localize arrhythmias.
Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG), an electrodiagnostic test recording muscle electrical activity at rest and during contraction, usually paired with nerve conduction studies to diagnose nerve and muscle disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome and ALS.
Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI, also called EPR imaging or EPROI) is a biomedical imaging method that maps paramagnetic probes in tissue to measure oxygen and redox status.
Electronarcosis
Electronarcosis (electric anesthesia, electrosleep): profound stupor or general anesthesia produced by passing electric current through the brain; pioneered by Leduc circa 1900, used as prolonged ECT in the 1940s, abandoned by 1950.
Electroneurography
Electroneurography (ENoG), also called electroneuronography, is a neurophysiological test that electrically stimulates a peripheral nerve and records the evoked muscle response to quantify nerve function.
Electroneuromyography
Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is a clinical neurophysiology method that combines nerve conduction studies and needle EMG in one session to diagnose disorders of the peripheral nerves and muscles.
Electronic brachytherapy
Electronic brachytherapy is a radiation therapy technique that treats tumors with electrically generated low-energy X-rays from a miniature X-ray tube placed at or next to the treatment site.
Electronic health record
Electronic health record (EHR), also called electronic medical record: a digital collection of a patient's medical information. Developed from 1960s systems like COSTAR and VistA; key issues are interoperability standards (HL7, FHIR) and clinician documentation burden.
Electronic health record review
Electronic health record review is a data collection method in epidemiology and clinical research that extracts patient information from EHRs to study exposures, outcomes, and care patterns.
Electronic prescribing
Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) is the electronic transmission of a structured medication order from prescriber to pharmacy, replacing paper prescriptions; in the US it became the dominant channel by 2013.
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography (ENG, electrooculography) is an electrode-based test recording eye movements via the corneo-retinal potential to evaluate vestibular and oculomotor nerves in dizziness; largely replaced by videonystagmography but still used when eyes-closed recording is needed.
Electrooculography
Electrooculography (EOG) is a non-invasive recording technique that tracks eye movements and tests retinal pigment epithelium function by measuring the eye's corneoretinal standing potential with skin electrodes.
Electrophysiological mapping
Electrophysiological mapping is a clinical technique recording electrical activity from many points on cardiac or cortical tissue, localizing abnormal conduction paths and seizure foci for treatment planning.
Electrophysiology study
Electrophysiology study (EP study, invasive cardiac electrophysiology): catheter-based heart test recording electrical activity to locate arrhythmias, test drugs, map before ablation, and assess sudden cardiac death risk; 1-4 hours, mortality about 0.2%.
Electroretinography
Electroretinography (ERG) is a non-invasive diagnostic test that records the retina's summed electrical response to light, with waveform components localizing dysfunction from photoreceptors to ganglion cells.
Electrostimulation
Electrostimulation is the clinical use of electrical currents on nerves or muscles to relieve pain, produce muscle contraction, restore lost function, or test nerve and muscle excitability.
Electrosurgery
Electrosurgery is the use of high-frequency alternating electric current to cut, coagulate, or destroy tissue during surgical and endoscopic procedures, used across general surgery, endoscopy, and dermatology.
Electrotherapy
Electrotherapy, also called electrical medicine or electrotherapeutics, is the therapeutic use of electrical current, from ancient electric-fish treatment and 19th-century galvanic and faradic devices to modern TENS, ECT, and deep brain stimulation.
Elemental diet
An elemental diet is a liquid nutrition regimen whose protein comes as free amino acids, requiring almost no digestion and used in Crohn's disease and eosinophilic disorders.
Elena Ottolenghi Nightingale
Elena Ottolenghi Nightingale is an Italian-born American physician and microbial geneticist at George Washington University, known for work on health and human rights and adolescent health policy.
Elenbecestat
Elenbecestat (E2609) is a discontinued oral BACE1 inhibitor (IC50 7 nM) developed by Eisai and Biogen for early Alzheimer's disease; its Phase 3 MISSION AD1/AD2 trials ended in 2019 for unfavorable risk-benefit with no cognitive benefit.
Elephant trunk technique
The elephant trunk technique is a staged cardiac surgery approach for extensive aortic disease, introduced by Borst and colleagues in 1983, leaving a graft segment for later completion.
Eletriptan
Eletriptan (Relpax) is an oral 5-HT1B/1D triptan for acute migraine in adults, US-approved 2002, dosed 20-40 mg (max 80 mg/day), CYP3A4-metabolized, ranked most effective triptan, added to WHO EML 2025.
ELEVATE trial
ELEVATE trial (NCT04340349), a Mexican randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Early Phase 1 trial testing hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day plus bromhexine 8 mg/8h for 60 days to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers; no results posted.
ELEVATE UC 12 trial
ELEVATE UC 12 (NCT03996369, APD334-302) was Arena Pharmaceuticals' phase 3, double-blind trial of etrasimod 2 mg daily vs placebo for 12-week induction in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis; 354 randomized, remission 24.8% vs 15.2%.
ELEVATE UC 52 trial
ELEVATE UC 52 (NCT03945188), phase 3 trial of etrasimod 2 mg daily for ulcerative colitis; 12-week induction plus 40-week maintenance, 433 randomized, supporting 2023 FDA approval of Velsipity.
Elevated alkaline phosphatase
Elevated alkaline phosphatase (raised ALP, hyperphosphatasemia): serum elevation of a multi-tissue ectoenzyme, usually from bone (osteoblastic disease) or liver (cholestasis), also placenta and intestine; evaluated by GGT and isoenzyme fractionation.
Elevated blood glucose level
Elevated blood glucose level, or hyperglycemia, is excessive blood glucose, classified in ICD-11 as MA18.0. It spans prediabetes (FPG 100–125 mg/dL) to diabetes (FPG ≥126 mg/dL, A1C ≥6.5%) and causes DKA and hyperosmolar state.