25,729 articles
Tropical disease
Tropical disease: infectious diseases concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions, centered on WHO's 20 neglected tropical diseases and dengue; over 1 billion affected, discipline founded 1899 by Patrick Manson, burden declining but climate change expanding ranges.
Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis
Tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (Davies disease, EMF) is a restrictive cardiomyopathy of children and young adults in tropical Africa, Asia, and South America, causing ventricular endocardial fibrosis, valve regurgitation, and heart failure of unknown cause.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH
Tropical Medicine & International Health (TM & IH), ISSN 1360-2276, is a monthly Wiley journal founded in 1996 by merging four European tropical-medicine journals; official FESTMIH journal covering malaria, HIV, TB, and public health in low- and middle-income settings.
Tropical pancreatitis
Tropical pancreatitis (tropical chronic pancreatitis), a juvenile non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis of tropical countries causing abdominal pain, steatorrhea, pancreatic calculi, and fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes; SPINK1-linked, with high pancreatic cancer risk.
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE, Weingarten 1943) is a hypersensitivity lung disease from lymphatic filarial microfilariae (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi) trapped in the lungs, causing nocturnal cough, wheezing, eosinophilia over 3,000/µL, and treated with diethylcarbamazine.
Tropical spastic paraparesis
Tropical spastic paraparesis, or HAM/TSP, is a chronic HTLV-1-caused inflammatory myelopathy of the lower thoracic cord with progressive spastic paraparesis and bladder dysfunction; steroids help, antiretrovirals do not, mogamulizumab is emerging.
Tropical sprue
Tropical sprue, also called postinfectious tropical malabsorption, is an acquired disease of unknown cause marked by chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and nutritional deficiencies in residents of and long-term visitors to the tropics.
Tropicamide
Tropicamide (Mydriacyl) is a short-acting anticholinergic mydriatic eye drop, FDA-approved in 1960, used for pupil dilation and cycloplegia; onset 15–30 minutes, duration 3–8 hours, also abused systemically.
Troponin
Troponin: cardiac regulatory protein complex (TnC, TnI, TnT) of striated muscle; its cardiac subunits cTnI and cTnT are the standard blood biomarkers for diagnosing myocardial infarction, now measured with high-sensitivity assays.
Troponin I
Troponin I (cTnI) is the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex and a cardiac-specific biomarker for myocardial infarction; released 4-10 h after injury, measured by high-sensitivity immunoassays against the 99th percentile cutoff.
Troriluzole
Troriluzole (BHV-4157, trigriluzole, proposed Vyglxia) is Biohaven's oral tripeptide prodrug of riluzole, a glutamate modulator studied in phase III trials for spinocerebellar ataxia and OCD.
Trospium
Trospium (trospium chloride, Sanctura) is a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic for overactive bladder, FDA approved 2004, dosed 20 mg twice daily or 60 mg extended release; poorly crosses the blood-brain barrier and pairs with xanomeline in Cobenfy.
Trousseau syndrome (migratory thrombophlebitis)
Trousseau syndrome, or migratory thrombophlebitis, is recurrent superficial vein clotting signaling occult cancer, especially pancreatic and mucin-producing adenocarcinomas; described by Armand Trousseau in 1865, treated with heparin and cancer therapy.
Trovafloxacin
Trovafloxacin (Trovan), with IV prodrug alatrofloxacin, is a withdrawn fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved in 1997-1998 and removed after serious hepatotoxicity; distinct 1,8-naphthyridine nucleus, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition.
Troxerutin
Troxerutin (vitamin P4), a semi-synthetic hydroxyethylated rutin derivative, ATC C05CA04, is a capillary-stabilizing bioflavonoid used for chronic venous insufficiency, with antioxidant and venotonic effects.
Troyen A. Brennan
Troyen A. Brennan is an American physician, lawyer, and health-services researcher, former chief medical officer of Aetna and CVS Health and a National Academy of Medicine member.
Tru-cut biopsy
Tru-cut biopsy is a core needle biopsy technique in which a side-notch cutting needle, advanced manually or spring-loaded, removes a half-cylindrical tissue core for diagnosis.
True unicornuate uterus
True unicornuate uterus (complete unilateral Müllerian aplasia, ORPHA:180074, ICD-10 Q51.4): a rare congenital uterus with one horn and fallopian tube, no rudimentary horn, frequent urinary tract anomalies, and elevated obstetric risk.
Truncal vagotomy
Truncal vagotomy is an operation that cuts the vagal nerve trunks to reduce gastric acid secretion, developed in 1943 for peptic ulcers and now largely obsolete.
Trusses
Trusses (hernia trusses, hernia belts) are surgical appliances with a pad and spring or belt that hold a reduced inguinal hernia in place; used when surgery is deferred, with documented complications and weak trial evidence.
Truth serum
Truth serum: informal name for barbiturates (sodium amytal, sodium pentothal) and originally scopolamine used in narcoanalysis to lower inhibitions during interrogation; coined after Robert House's 1922 Dallas experiment; unreliable and largely inadmissible in court.
Trypanosomiase
Trypanosomiase (trypanosomiasis): parasitic diseases caused by Trypanosoma protozoa; African tsetse-borne forms are sleeping sickness (T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense) and nagana (T. congolense, T. vivax), with Chagas disease, surra and dourine as related forms.
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosomiasis: parasitic diseases caused by Trypanosoma protozoa. African sleeping sickness (T. brucei, tsetse flies, under 1,000 cases yearly) and American Chagas disease (T. cruzi, triatomine bugs, 8 million infected).
Trypophobia
Trypophobia, or fear of holes, is an aversion to clusters of small holes or bumps, like lotus seedpods, described in 2013 and driven mainly by disgust.
TS-COVID trial
TS-COVID (NCT04627467) was a single-arm Phase 2 trial of chloroquine 150 mg base prophylaxis in 3,217 healthcare workers at Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic; no results posted.
TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma
TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSH-oma, thyrotroph adenoma): rare functioning pituitary tumor (~0.5% of pituitary adenomas) causing hyperthyroidism with nonsuppressed TSH; treated by transsphenoidal surgery and somatostatin analogues.
TSMFS-FMS trial
TSMFS-FMS (NCT04836325) is a University of Seville randomized, triple-masked pilot trial of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation over the primary motor cortex in 16 adults with fibromyalgia, 20 sessions over 4 weeks versus sham, completed 2021.
TT vaccine
TT vaccine, tetanus toxoid vaccine, single-antigen tetanus vaccine with purified formaldehyde-inactivated toxoid adsorbed on aluminum phosphate; Bio Farma product WHO-prequalified since 1999, largely replaced by Td combination vaccines.
TTM trial
TTM trial (Target Temperature Management 33°C versus 36°C after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest): randomized trial in 950 comatose OHCA survivors across 36 European and Australian ICUs; found no survival or neurological difference between 33°C and 36°C targets.
TTM-2 trial
TTM2 (Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest), also called TTM-2, NCT02908308: 2021 NEJM randomized trial, 1,900 comatose OHCA adults, 33°C cooling versus normothermia with fever treatment; no 6-month survival or neurologic benefit, more arrhythmias with hypothermia.