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Tubal factor infertility
Tubal factor infertility, also called tubal disease infertility, is infertility from blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, most often after pelvic inflammatory disease; it causes about 20% of infertility and is treated with tubal surgery or IVF, with hydrosalpinx managed before IVF.
Tubal ligation
Tubal ligation (getting your tubes tied) is permanent female contraception that blocks, seals, or removes the fallopian tubes. About 0.5 in 100 users become pregnant in year one; complications run 20 times vasectomy's.
Tuberculin skin test
The tuberculin skin test (TST) is a diagnostic test for tuberculosis infection in which tuberculin PPD is injected into the skin and the reaction is measured.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an airborne infectious disease of the lungs; 10.7 million cases and 1.23 million deaths in 2024, with MDR-TB and a quarter of humanity infected.
Tuberculosis of bones or joints
Tuberculosis of bones or joints, or osteoarticular tuberculosis, is infection of the skeleton by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; the spine is most often involved, a condition known as Pott's disease.
Tuberculosis of ear
Tuberculosis of ear, or tuberculous otitis media (TOM), is a rare extrapulmonary TB of the middle ear causing chronic otorrhea and hearing loss; now 0.04–0.9% of chronic suppurative otitis media, treated with anti-TB chemotherapy plus surgery.
Tuberculosis of eye
Ocular tuberculosis (OTB, tuberculosis of eye): intraocular inflammation, mostly uveitis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis via hematogenous spread or hypersensitivity; diagnosed presumptively with IGRA/TST, imaging, and phenotype; treated like pulmonary TB.
Tuberculosis of heart
Tuberculosis of the heart (cardiac tuberculosis): M. tuberculosis infection of cardiac structures, most often the pericardium, rarely the myocardium; diagnosed by bacillus isolation, ADA, Xpert; treated with 6-12 month chemotherapy.
Tuberculosis of the digestive system
Tuberculosis of the digestive system, or gastrointestinal/abdominal TB, is extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of gut, peritoneum, or viscera, favoring the ileocecal region and mimicking Crohn's disease.
Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system
Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system (genitourinary tuberculosis, GUTB, ICD-10 A18.1): extrapulmonary TB of the urinary tract and reproductive organs, usually reactivation of latent infection, kidney most affected, diagnosed by culture, PCR, and Xpert MTB/RIF.
Tuberculosis of the musculoskeletal system
Tuberculosis of the musculoskeletal system (skeletal, osteoarticular, bone and joint TB; ICD-11 1B12.4): M. tuberculosis infection of bones, joints, and soft tissues, 1-3% of all TB; Pott's spinal disease is the common form; MRI is the imaging modality of choice.
Tuberculosis of the nervous system
Tuberculosis of the nervous system, or CNS tuberculosis, covers tuberculous meningitis, tuberculoma, and spinal TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; key facts are its high mortality, difficult diagnosis, 12-month drug therapy, and adjunctive dexamethasone.
Tuberculous lymphadenitis
Tuberculous lymphadenitis (scrofula, king's evil) is the most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis, mainly cervical nodes; diagnosed by FNA, culture, Xpert, histology; treated with 6-month regimens.
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), also called TB meningitis or historically "dropsy on the brain", is the most severe form of tuberculosis: M. tuberculosis invades the subarachnoid space, killing or disabling about half of those affected despite multidrug therapy and corticosteroids.
Tuberculous placenta
Tuberculous placenta (ICD-11 JB63.00) is rare Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the placenta, usually hematogenous from maternal bacillemia; it shows neutrophilic villitis more often than granulomas and is a Cantwell criterion for congenital tuberculosis.
Tuberous breasts
Tuberous breasts (tubular breasts, snoopy deformity) are a congenital breast anomaly appearing at puberty, marked by a constricted breast base, hypoplasia, and areolar herniation; classified by von Heimburg and Grolleau, correctable surgically with about 20% complications.
Tuberous xanthoma
Tuberous xanthoma (xanthoma tuberosum, ICD-11 EB90.21) is a firm, painless red-yellow nodule of foam cells over pressure areas such as elbows, knees, and heels, usually signaling type III hyperlipoproteinemia or familial hypercholesterolemia.
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), a pus-filled inflammatory mass of the fallopian tube and ovary, complicates up to 15% of pelvic inflammatory disease cases; treated with IV antibiotics, image-guided drainage, or surgery.
Tubocurarine
Tubocurarine, also called d-tubocurarine, is the active alkaloid of curare that blocks neuromuscular transmission; isolated in 1935, it became the first muscle relaxant used in anesthesia in 1942.
Tuboplasty
Tuboplasty is surgery that restores patency and function of the fallopian tubes in women with tubal-factor infertility, by rejoining obstructed segments, opening blocked ends, or freeing adhesions.
Tubular adenoma of breast
Tubular adenoma of breast (ICD-11 2F30.0) is a rare benign epithelial breast tumor of densely packed dual-layer tubules with scant stroma, reclassified by WHO 5th edition, molecularly distinct from fibroadenoma (MET/FGFR3 vs MED12), 0.13–2.9% of benign lesions.
Tubular aggregate myopathy
Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM, myopathy with tubular aggregates) is a rare inherited muscle disorder from STIM1/ORAI1 gain-of-function mutations disrupting store-operated calcium entry, causing progressive weakness, cramps, and myalgia, overlapping Stormorken syndrome.
Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma
Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma (TC-RCC) is a rare, indolent kidney cancer subtype, WHO 2016 entity, with bubble-wrap cystic gross appearance, hobnail eosinophilic cells, AMACR/CD10 positivity, and loss of chromosome 9, distinct from papillary and FH-deficient RCC.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome, also known as TINU or Dobrin syndrome, is a rare inflammatory condition combining kidney and eye inflammation, first described in 1975.
Tucidinostat
Tucidinostat (chidamide, Epidaza, Hiyasta, HBI-8000, CS055) is an oral benzamide HDAC1/2/3/10 inhibitor from Chipscreen Biosciences, approved in China (2014) and Japan for PTCL, breast cancer, and ATLL, and in HIV latency-reversal trials.
Tufted angioma
Tufted angioma, formerly known as angioblastoma of Nakagawa, is a rare, benign blood vessel tumor that usually forms on the skin of infants and young children.
Tufts Medical Center
Tufts Medical Center, Boston academic medical center descended from the 1796 Boston Dispensary founded with Paul Revere and Samuel Adams; 415-bed principal teaching hospital of Tufts University School of Medicine, Level I trauma center, flagship of Tufts Medicine.
Tui na (推拿)
Tui na (推拿) is a type of Chinese massage therapy within traditional Chinese medicine, using kneading, pressing, rolling, shaking, and stretching to regulate qi and blood flow.
Tuinal
Tuinal was an Eli Lilly barbiturate hypnotic combining equal parts secobarbital sodium and amobarbital sodium, marketed from the 1960s for insomnia, later a documented drug of abuse, and withdrawn as benzodiazepines replaced barbiturates.
Tulisokibart
Tulisokibart (PRA023, MK-7240) is Merck's investigational humanized IgG1 anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease; phase 2 ARTEMIS-UC showed 26% vs 1% remission, and phase 3 ATLAS-UC met its endpoint.