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Moderate personality disorder
Moderate personality disorder (ICD-11 6D10.1) is the middle severity level of the single ICD-11 personality disorder diagnosis, marked by disturbances in multiple areas of self and interpersonal functioning, specified by five trait domains and a borderline pattern qualifier.
Moderate vision impairment
Moderate vision impairment: ICD-11 distance vision category with presenting acuity worse than 6/18 (20/70) but 6/60 (20/200) or better; also called part of MSVI; mainly caused by uncorrected refractive error and cataract.
Modern Farming (现代牧业)
Modern Farming (现代牧业), formally China Modern Dairy Holdings Ltd, is a large-scale dairy farming company founded in 2005 in Ma'anshan, Anhui, China, and majority-controlled by Mengniu Dairy.
Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, marketed as Spikevax, is a messenger RNA vaccine against COVID-19 developed by Moderna and NIAID, authorized in the United States in December 2020.
Modes of mechanical ventilation
Modes of mechanical ventilation, also called vent modes such as assist control, SIMV, pressure support, and PRVC, are predetermined ventilatory patterns defining how a ventilator triggers, delivers, and ends breaths, classified by control variable and breath sequence.
MODEST study
MODEST (NCT06077305) is a 20,000-patient observational registry by Beijing Tiantan Hospital studying microcirculatory disorders in cerebral small vessel disease and ischemic stroke, with outcomes on recurrence, mRS disability, cognition, and real-world drug treatment.
Modified Ashworth scale
The Modified Ashworth scale is a six-grade ordinal scale rating resistance felt during passive limb movement, the most widely used clinical measure of increased muscle tone.
Modified barium swallow
The modified barium swallow (MBS) is a videofluoroscopic swallowing study in which a patient swallows barium-containing foods and liquids while real-time X-ray imaging assesses swallowing function, primarily to diagnose oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Modified radical mastectomy
A modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a breast cancer operation that removes the entire breast and axillary lymph nodes while preserving the pectoralis major, introduced by Patey and Dyson in 1948.
Modified radical neck dissection
Modified radical neck dissection (MRND) is surgery for head and neck cancer that removes cervical lymph nodes levels I through V while preserving structures like the spinal accessory nerve.
Modified Rankin Scale
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS): 7-point ordinal stroke disability scale, 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (death), developed by John Rankin in 1957 and modified for the UK-TIA trial; primary endpoint in most acute stroke trials.
Modified-release dosage
Modified-release dosage: drug formulations (delayed-release, extended-release, sustained-release) that alter release rate or site versus immediate-release; Spansule 1952; mechanisms, bioequivalence rules, opioid and metformin evidence.
Modifier of rudimentary, Modr
Modifier of rudimentary (mod(r), Modr) is a Drosophila gene, identical to Vps37A, isolated as a suppressor of rudimentary wing truncation; its ~150-amino-acid Mod(r) domain forms the core stalk and headpiece of the ESCRT-I complex in eukaryotes.
MODIFY I trial
MODIFY I (NCT01241552) was a Merck phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of bezlotoxumab, actoxumab, and their combination alongside antibiotics; bezlotoxumab cut 12-week CDI recurrence from 28% to 17%.
MODIFY II trial
MODIFY II (NCT01513239), a Merck-funded phase 3 trial alongside MODIFY I, tested single-dose bezlotoxumab 10 mg/kg against placebo for preventing recurrent C. difficile infection; recurrence fell from 26% to 16% at 12 weeks.
Modiola caroliniana
Modiola caroliniana, Carolina bristlemallow or red-flowered mallow, a prostrate node-rooting Malvaceae herb native to South America, introduced worldwide as a weed, with red-orange flowers and a wheel-shaped bristly schizocarp fruit.
Modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus, the horse mussel, is a large boreal North Atlantic mytilid forming biogenic reefs up to 70 m deep; long-lived (45+ years), slow-recruiting, biodiversity-supporting, OSPAR-listed as threatened and declining, and vulnerable to bottom fishing.
Modotuximab
Modotuximab (zatuximab, 1024 DS), an investigational IgG1 monoclonal antibody against EGFR that induces receptor internalization and degradation; used clinically as the Sym004 futuximab/modotuximab mixture in phase 3 colorectal cancer trials, not approved.
Modular pancreatosplenectomy
Modular pancreatosplenectomy, best known as radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS), removes the distal pancreas, spleen, and lymph nodes en bloc for pancreatic body and tail cancer, reported by Strasberg in 2003.
Modulator of smoothened protein
MOSMO (Modulator of Smoothened, also Atthog or C16orf52) is a human 16p12.2 gene encoding a 167-aa four-pass transmembrane protein that, in the MEGF8-MOSMO-MGRN1 complex, ubiquitylates and degrades Smoothened, damping Hedgehog signaling; loss causes craniofacial and cardiac birth defects.
Moebius syndrome
Moebius syndrome (Möbius syndrome), a rare congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder with nonprogressive facial weakness and limited eye abduction, sporadic in most cases, no unifying genetic cause, managed supportively by multidisciplinary care.
Moexipril
Moexipril (Univasc) is an oral non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor prodrug hydrolyzed to moexiprilat, approved in the US in 1995 for hypertension as 7.5 or 15 mg once-daily tablets, alone or with hydrochlorothiazide.
MOF-based drug delivery (MIL-100 Fe, MIL-127)
MOF-based drug delivery with MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-127 uses porous iron carboxylate metal-organic frameworks as drug carriers with high loading capacity, controlled release, and good biocompatibility.
MOF-based luminescent sensors
MOF-based luminescent sensors are chemical and biological sensors in which a porous metal–organic framework changes its light emission when it encounters a target analyte, detecting ions, molecules, and gases.
Mofezolac
Mofezolac (Disopain, N-22) is a diarylisoxazole NSAID and selective, time-dependent COX-1 inhibitor (IC50 0.0079 μM) marketed in Japan since 1994 for lumbago, cervicobrachial syndrome, and post-operative or post-extraction pain.
Moffitt Cancer Center
Moffitt Cancer Center (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute) is a free-standing NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida, opened in 1986, comprehensive since 2001, and the only such center based in Florida.
Mogamulizumab
Mogamulizumab (brand name Poteligeo) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CCR4 used to treat T-cell malignancies, discovered by Kyowa Hakko Kirin and first approved in Japan in 2012.
Mogens Christian Wanning Westergaard
Mogens Christian Wanning Westergaard (1912–1975) was a Danish geneticist who showed how chromosomes determine sex in flowering plants, and became the University of Copenhagen's first professor of genetics.
Mogens Schou
Mogens Schou (1918–2005) was a Danish medical researcher at Aarhus University who established lithium as the first proven prophylactic treatment in psychiatry through trials from 1954 to 1970.
Moggy
Moggy (moggie, mog): British informal term for a non-pedigree, mixed-ancestry domestic cat, aka domestic shorthair/longhair. Wide gene pool means fewer inherited conditions than pedigrees; 58% of UK pet cats; etymology uncertain, possibly from Maggie.