72,234 articles
Cacodylic acid
Cacodylic acid, or dimethylarsinic acid, is an organoarsenic contact herbicide and defoliant introduced in 1958 by Ansul, known since Bunsen's 1843 cacodyl work, with rat LD50 of 0.7 to 2.6 g/kg and EPA cancer class D.
Cacomistle
The cacomistle (Bassariscus sumichrasti) is a small nocturnal carnivore of the raccoon family, recognized by its bushy black-and-white ringed tail and found from southern Mexico to western Panama.
Cactaceae
Cactaceae (cactus family), Caryophyllales family defined by areoles; nearly all New World succulents with centers in Mexico, the Andes, and eastern Brazil; 31% of evaluated species are threatened, and a 2025 phylogenomic classification recognizes six subfamilies and 155 genera.
Cactus
Cactus (family Cactaceae): about 2,000 species of American succulent plants defined by areoles, spines as modified leaves, and CAM photosynthesis; convergent with African Euphorbia; whole family CITES-listed since 1975.
Cadang-cadang
Cadang-cadang, a lethal coconut palm disease of the Philippines caused by coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd), a 246 nt Cocadviroid; killed about 30 million palms, spreads 0.5 km/year, distinct from Guam's tinangaja.
CADASIL
CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is the most common hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, an autosomal dominant NOTCH3 disorder causing mid-adult lacunar stroke, migraine with aura, cognitive decline, and dementia, diagnosed by genetic testing or skin biopsy showing GOM.
Cadaver
Cadaver: a dead human body used for dissection, medical education, and research. Sources evolved from executed criminals and unclaimed bodies to donation programs; IFAA 2012 recommends donated bodies only.
Cadazolid
Cadazolid (ACT-179811) is a first-in-class quinoxolidinone antibiotic, an oxazolidinone-fluoroquinolone hybrid developed by Actelion for Clostridium difficile infection; it inhibits protein synthesis but failed non-inferiority in one phase 3 IMPACT trial and was abandoned.
Caddisfly
Caddisfly (Trichoptera): order of moth-like aquatic insects, about 15,000 species on all continents except Antarctica; larvae build silk cases and nets and serve as water-quality bioindicators.
CADDS
CADDS (contiguous ABCD1 DXS1357E deletion syndrome) is a rare X-linked recessive neonatal disorder from deletion of ABCD1 and BCAP31 on Xq28, causing cholestasis, hypotonia, elevated VLCFA, and death before age one.
Cadea
Cadea, Cuban worm lizards (Cadeidae), two endemic species, C. blanoides and C. palirostrata; sister to Blanidae, arrived by Eocene transatlantic rafting; keel-headed burrowing squamates.
Cadherin
Cadherins: calcium-dependent transmembrane cell-cell adhesion proteins with extracellular cadherin repeats; major adherens junction components; over 100 human members across classical, protocadherin, and related subfamilies.
CADO-ES1
CADO-ES1 (CADO-ES-1, Center for Adult Diseases Osaka-Ewing Sarcoma 1) is a human Ewing sarcoma cell line established in 1991 from a 19-year-old Japanese woman's pleural effusion, carrying EWSR1-ERG rather than EWSR1-FLI1, with homozygous CDKN2A deletion.
Cadomites
Cadomites is an extinct Middle Jurassic ammonite genus (family Stephanoceratidae, subfamily Cadomitinae), type species A. deslongchampsi, ranging from upper Bajocian to Bathonian across Europe, North Africa, and Alaska.
Cadonilimab
Cadonilimab (AK104, 开坦尼), Akeso's tetravalent PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody with Fc-null design; first dual immune checkpoint bispecific approved (NMPA, June 2022) for cervical cancer, later gastric cancer.
Caduceus as a symbol of medicine
Caduceus as a symbol of medicine: the two-snake winged staff of Hermes, adopted by the US Army Medical Corps in 1902, versus the true medical emblem, the single-snake rod of Asclepius.
Caduceus Cellars
Caduceus Cellars is an Arizona winery in Jerome founded in 2004 by Tool singer Maynard James Keenan, sister label to Merkin Vineyards, farming 110 acres and producing about 14,000 cases yearly from Tempranillo, Nebbiolo, and Malvasia.
Cadusafos
Cadusafos (S,S-di-sec-butyl O-ethyl phosphorodithioate, CAS 95465-99-9), a nonsystemic organophosphate acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting nematicide used on bananas against Radopholus similis; banned in the EU, unregistered in the US except a banana import tolerance.
CAEC trial
CAEC trial (NCT03070262), The Efficacy and Safety of Caffeic Acid for Esophageal Cancer: phase 3 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Chinese trial of oral caffeic acid 300 mg three times daily in 240 advanced ESCC patients, targeting GASC1/KDM4C; no results posted.
Caecilian
Caecilian (Gymnophiona): limbless, worm-like amphibians of tropical Americas, Africa, and Asia, about 220 species, with sensory tentacles, skin-feeding mothers, and 44% Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List.
Caecilian classification and phylogeny
Caecilian classification and phylogeny covers the order Gymnophiona of limbless burrowing amphibians, whose families grew from one, Caeciliidae, to ten after molecular phylogenetic studies, with Chikilidae named in 2012.
Caecilian conservation
Caecilian conservation is the protection of caecilians, limbless burrowing amphibians; as of 2025, 222 species are described and about 45 percent of assessed ones remain Data Deficient.
Caecilians of the Western Ghats
The caecilians of the Western Ghats are legless, mostly underground amphibians of the order Gymnophiona, with 26 species recognized in India's Western Ghats by 2020.
Caeciliidae
Caeciliidae is a family of caecilians, the limbless soil-dwelling amphibians, restricted since a 2011 revision to the genera Caecilia and Oscaecilia, found from Costa Rica to Bolivia.
Caeciliusidae
Caeciliusidae (lizard barklice) is a family of Psocodea bark lice in the infraorder Caeciliusetae, renamed from Caeciliidae to avoid homonymy with caecilian amphibians; about 570 species in 32 genera, leaf-inhabiting, with disputed monophyly.
CAENLVLTELPMA trial
CAENLVLTELPMA (NCT07372014) is a phase 4, quadruple-masked randomized trial at Mexico City's Conde de Valenciana eye institute testing nepafenac 0.1% plus lubricant versus lubricant alone for epiphora from punctal stenosis in 68 adults over eight weeks.
Caenorhabditis
Caenorhabditis is a genus of free-living, bacterivorous nematode worms including the model species C. elegans, the first metazoan with a fully sequenced genome; over 70 species are known, with hermaphroditism evolving three times independently.
Caenorhabditis elegans
Caenorhabditis elegans, a 1 mm transparent soil nematode and premier model organism, with 959 somatic cells, 302 neurons, first sequenced multicellular genome, and Nobel-winning roles in aging, development, and neuroscience research.
Caerphilly Heart Disease Study
Caerphilly Heart Disease Study (Caerphilly Prospective Study, CaPS): prospective cohort of 2,512 South Wales men aged 45–59 begun 1979, run with the Speedwell study, studying ischemic heart disease, lipids, lifestyle, cognition, and dementia over decades of follow-up.
Caesalpinia
Caesalpinia Plum. ex L. is a genus of about ten neotropical legume trees and shrubs, once a pantropical genus of c. 150 species, split by 2016 phylogenetics into 26 genera including Paubrasilia.