72,234 articles
Cannabis use disorder
Cannabis use disorder (CUD, marijuana use disorder) is a DSM-5 diagnosis requiring 2 of 11 criteria; about 3 in 10 users develop it. US past-year prevalence reached 6.7% (19.3 million) in 2025; treated with psychosocial therapies, no approved medication.
Cannabis withdrawal
Cannabis withdrawal: symptom cluster after stopping heavy, prolonged THC use; DSM-5 and ICD-11 (6C41.4) recognized; onset 24-48 hours, peak days 2-6; about 47% of regular users affected; CB1 downregulation; no approved medications.
Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder
Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (ICD-11 6C41.6; DSM-5 substance-induced psychotic disorder) is psychosis arising during or soon after cannabis intoxication or withdrawal, with 34–47% later converting to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Cannibalism
Cannibalism: animals or humans eating members of their own species. Widespread, density-dependent behavior in ecology; forms include sexual, parent-offspring, survival, and mortuary cannibalism, documented archaeologically back to Homo antecessor about 850,000 years ago.
Cannonball jellyfish
Cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris, cabbagehead, jellyball): firm dome-shaped scyphozoan of the southeast US and Gulf Coast with 16 fused oral arms, mild sting, leatherback-turtle food source, and Georgia's third-largest commercial fishery by weight.
Cannula
Cannula: a small flexible tube; in medicine usually a peripheral IV cannula placed in a hand or arm vein for drugs and fluids, dwell 72-96 hours; also the nasal cannula for oxygen.
Cannulated screw fixation
Cannulated screw fixation is a surgical technique in which hollow screws are threaded over a guide wire, used mainly for femoral neck fractures and also scaphoid and small-bone fractures.
Cannulation (medicine)
Cannulation is the insertion of a cannula into a blood vessel, body cavity, or organ to deliver fluids and medications, sample blood, monitor hemodynamics, or drain structures.
Canola oil
Canola oil, an edible oil from low-erucic-acid rapeseed (Brassica napus) developed in Canada, first produced 1974; third-largest vegetable oil after palm and soybean, with about 65% oleic acid and under 7% saturated fat.
CANOMAD syndrome
CANOMAD syndrome, also called CANDA, is a rare chronic immune-mediated neuropathy with sensory ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, IgM paraprotein, cold agglutinins, and anti-disialosyl ganglioside antibodies, treated with IVIg or rituximab.
Canonia
Canonia Vieth 1980 is an extinct genus of fork-tailed thelodont jawless fish (family Furcacaudidae) known from Early Devonian marine scales, type species C. grossi, from Arctic Canada, Russia, Spitsbergen, and Greenland.
Canopy (biology)
Canopy (biology): the uppermost vegetation layer formed by tree crowns, where most forest photosynthesis, rainfall interception, and biodiversity occur; also called forest canopy, defined via canopy cover, closure, stratification, and canopy access methods.
Canopy fogging
Canopy fogging is an ecology method that injects insecticide fog into tree canopies to knock down arthropods, which fall onto sheets or funnels below and are collected to sample arboreal biodiversity.
Canrenoate
Canrenoate (canrenoic acid; potassium canrenoate, Soldactone) is a steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist prodrug converted to canrenone, given orally or intravenously for aldosterone blockade in heart failure and hypertension, with scarce trial evidence.
Canrenone
Canrenone (Aldadiene, SC-9376) is a synthetic steroid lactone that blocks aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor, acting as a potassium-sparing diuretic used for heart failure and hypertension and marketed in countries including Italy and Belgium.
CanSino 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Youpeixin (优佩欣, iPneucia) is a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by CanSino Biologics using a CRM197 and tetanus toxoid dual carrier, approved in China in June 2025.
CanSino recombinant poliomyelitis vaccine
CanSino's Recombinant Trivalent Poliomyelitis Vaccine (Sf-RVN Cell), also called VLP-Polio, is a non-infectious virus-like-particle polio vaccine using stabilized capsid proteins of serotypes 1-3 in insect cells, in Phase II trials in Indonesia with Gates Foundation funding.
Cantaloupe
Cantaloupe, or muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus), is a netted sweet melon of the Cucurbitaceae family; grown at 65–95°F, bee-pollinated, with about 1.06 billion pounds produced in the US in 2025 and known food-safety risks from its netted rind.
Cantharellales
Cantharellales (Gäum. 1926) is an order of about 1,000 Agaricomycetes fungi, including chanterelles (Cantharellus), Hydnum, Clavulina, plant pathogens, and orchid symbionts, with four main families and a Carboniferous origin.
Cantharellus
Cantharellus is a genus of fungi known as the true chanterelles, producing fleshy, funnel-shaped mushrooms with blunt false gills; about 300 species grow in forests worldwide.
Cantharidae
Cantharidae (soldier beetles), family Cantharidae Imhoff, 1856, is a soft-bodied beetle family of over 5500 species, the second-largest Elateroidea family; adults feed on flowers, larvae are predatory, earliest split dated to ~141 Myr.
Cantharidin
Cantharidin, the toxic monoterpene anhydride of Spanish fly (Lytta vesicatoria) blister beetles, is a PP1/PP2A inhibitor and vesicant; as Ycanth 0.7% it became the first FDA-approved molluscum contagiosum treatment in 2023.
Canthotomy
Canthotomy is an emergency procedure that cuts the lateral canthus of the eye to relieve orbital compartment syndrome, usually combined with cantholysis, before irreversible vision loss occurs.
Cantilevers study
Cantilevers study: clinical research on implant-supported fixed dental prostheses with cantilever extensions. Key finding: implant survival and bone levels comparable to non-cantilever prostheses, but mechanical complications significantly higher.
Cantius
Cantius (Simons, 1962) is an extinct genus of early Eocene adapiform primate in family Notharctidae from North America and Europe; earliest canine-dimorphic primate, ancestor of Notharctus and other notharctines.
CANTO trial
CANTO (CANcer TOxicities, NCT01993498) is a French UNICANCER prospective cohort, not a randomized trial, following 12,012 women with stage I-III breast cancer since 2012 to predict long-term treatment toxicities.
Cantú syndrome
Cantú syndrome (hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia, OMIM 239850): rare autosomal dominant KATP channelopathy from gain-of-function ABCC9 or KCNJ8 variants, causing congenital hypertrichosis, coarse facies, cardiomegaly, PDA, and skeletal changes.
CANVAS trial
CANVAS (CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study, NCT01032629) was Janssen's phase 3 placebo-controlled trial of canagliflozin in 4,330 type 2 diabetes patients at cardiovascular risk; with CANVAS-R it formed the 10,142-patient CANVAS Program.
Caov-3
Caov-3 (CAOV-3, CVCL_0201, ATCC HTB-75) is a human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line isolated in 1976 by Jorgen Fogh from a 54-year-old woman, with TP53 nonsense mutation, PIK3CA amplification, and wide use in HGSOC research.
Cap analysis of gene expression
Cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) is a transcriptomics method, reported in 2003, that sequences the capped 5' ends of RNAs to map transcription start sites and quantify promoter activity.